China’s Education System - 1434 Words

Education is the process of learning and acquiring knowledge at school from a teacher, receiving knowledge at home from a parent, a family member, and even friend. Education is a key that allows people to move up in the world, seek better jobs, and succeed in life. Education is one factor that affects job positions people hold, advance in their further career, the income they make, and the title they hold. The more educated a person is, the more prestige and power that person holds. Education improves the quality of life, reduces ignorance, and exposes frontiers and opportunities not previously handled. Education also focuses on the values, attitudes and behaviors that enable individuals to learn to live together in a world characterized†¦show more content†¦The similarities include administering a nationwide exam given to all the students. All students are equally evaluated based on these scores. The test is used to determine which university students are able to attend. Th ere are also significant differences between these exams. In America the exams are called the SAT or the ACT. In China it is named Gaokao. The Gaokao test is taken very seriously. This test is taken for multiple-days. Parents rent hotel rooms nearby so their student can have a quiet lunch and take a nap. Some Chinese students go insane for this exam. They study for the Gaokao while hooked up to IV drips. The IV drips contain amino acids which would provide the students with extra energy (Kristof). This would definitely never be allowed in U.S. And lastly, merit pay is different in China than U.S. The Chinese believe in merit pay and in using student test scores for teacher evaluation. For example, when the 9th graders leave middle school they are tested to see which high school they are qualified to attend. Since the same teachers have had those students for three years, they compare their entry score to their exit score. The classes that showed the most academic gain resulted i n that banzhuren receiving a bonus that might range from 3000 Yuan to 6000 Yuan (one month or two months pay). The same is true at the high school level. This is not the case in America. Teachers are evaluated through principals attending the classroom setting and/orShow MoreRelatedWho s Afraid Of The Big Bad Dragon1448 Words   |  6 PagesBad Dragon? : Why China Has the Best (and Worst) Education System in the World, published by John Wiley Sons on August 14, 2014, the author, Yong Zhao, states that while China gets the highest test scores on the PISA exam, parents in China often send their children to western schools. In short Yong Zhao, a Chinese native who was born in Sichuan, claims that Western countries, Britain and America, should not try and adopt China’s education system for many reasons. I my opinion this book did notRead MoreChinas Emergence as a Superpower1552 Words   |  7 PagesStates. But the 21st century belongs to China, -- Jim Rogers, Hedge fund manager Chinas population is one of the greatest natural resources on the planet. Its citizens are becoming more educated, diligent, aspiring and comprise nearly a quarter of the worlds population. The combination of Chinas massive size and rapid modernization is creating the framework for an emerging superpower. Chinas growing economy is not only gaining international prestige, but its confidence has soaredRead MoreDifference Between China and Canada Education819 Words   |  4 PagesDisadvantages of China’s Education comparing with Canada’s Education A country’s economic system decides its education system. Since China and Canada have different economic systems, China is developing on a diversified ownership economy, while Canada is running its economy by pure capitalism. It is obvious two different education systems run in those two countries respectively. And from my personal experience and some hearing from my friends, I found five main disadvantages of China’s education comparingRead MoreChina s Struggle For Status1274 Words   |  6 PagesChinese international relations and historian Yong Deng’s latest novel, China’s Struggle for Status, analyzes China’s rise in power and it’s future trajectory according to his research. The novel was released during what many consider the peak of China’s growth, or at least when the world was witnessing the prosperity of their country, the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The novel strays away from the status quo of analyzing China’s rise, and rather focuses more on the reasons behind why China would wantRead MoreChinas Emergence As A Superpower Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesStates. But the 21st century belongs to China, -- Jim Rogers, Hedge fund manager Chinas population is one of the greatest natural resources on the planet. Its citizens are becoming more educated, diligent, aspiring and comprise nearly a quarter of the worlds population. The combination of Chinas massive size and rapid modernization is creating the framework for an emerging superpower. Chinas growing economy is not only gaining international prestige, but its confidence has soaredRead MoreThe Growth Of China s Consumption963 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to increase China’s consumption, some current literatures come up with several policy suggestions to reduce China’s high savings rate and therefore stimulate China’s consumption. Anderson (2007) points out that the bulk of excess savings has come from Chinese firms as they â€Å"expropriate† market share and profits from the rest of the world. This implies that the sudden appearance of China’s imbalance over the past few years, the sharply rising trade surplus and the implied dramatic increaseRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between China And Australia1236 Words   |  5 Pagesperiod of time. China’s GDP is significantly larger than Australia’s, measuring 9.24 trillion $USD as of 2013, while Australia’s GDP was 1.56 trillion $USD the same year. Before the change to a socialist market, the economic policy at the time didn’t allow for the benefits of a market economy, such as increased efficiency because of competition and motivation and more innovation. Despite China’s large GDP, the GDP/Capita shows a more accurate representation of income distribution. China’s GDP/Capita inRead MoreChina s Consumption And Its Consumption768 Words   |  4 Pages In order to increase China’s consumption, it is important to figure out feasible policies that the Chinese government could implement to stimulate its consumption efficiently. Anderson (2007) points out China’s firms’ expropriate market share and profits from other countries cause China’s excess savings. Therefore, China’s imbalance economy does not result from low consumptions, but results from Chinese companies’ high profits and their rising savings. The banking system data shows that the householdRead MoreChina s Rule Under Legalism And Launching A Military Campaign875 Words   |  4 Pagesexperienced changes in its political system in terms of the dissimilar ruling styles of different leaders, the rule under Legalism, and the in fluence of philosophical thinking like Daoism. These changes, influenced by aspects of the world and its own region, shaped China into its Classical state. In contrast, the concept of the Mandate of Heaven, the civil service system, and the significance of unity through a strong central government remained constant throughout China’s Classical period. These continuitiesRead MoreThe Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China1536 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cultural Revolution† had been a failed attempt at making China a stronger country. This revolution had destroyed China’s rich history. The period from 1966 to 1969 had been terrifying years in which the Red Guards used violence to purge China of any anti- communist sources. Mao Zedong had led the violence and turmoil in China after his failed attempt at the Great Leap Forward. He relied on China’s youth to change the traditional customs and ideas. The students carried the Cultural Revolution forward and

Illegal Immigrants in the United States - 613 Words

It has been estimated that there are 8.3 million workers in the United States who are illegal immigrants. There have been certain proposed policy responses that vary from more restrictive border and workplace enforcement to the legalization of workers who are already here. Using the U.S. Applied General Equilibrium, it’s possible to weigh in the impact on such factors like public revenues and expenditures, the occupational mix and total employment of U.S. workers, the amount of capital owned by U.S households, and price levels for imports and exports. Legalization of immigrant workers would yield significant income gains for American workers and households. It would also allow immigrants to have higher productivity and create more openings for Americans in higher-skilled occupations. As of March 2008, it was estimated that about 5 percent of total employment was composed of illegal immigrants. There are public attitudes on illegal immigrants that vary from the negative view that they are depriving low-income legal residents of jobs to the positive view that they are a vital part of the U.S. economy because they perform tasks that legal residents are unwilling to undertake. A study conducted by Peter B. Dixon and Maureen T. Rimmer suggests that legalization produces a strong welfare gain for U.S. households. Through legalization, the supply of immigrants increases and their average wage falls. At the same time, the additional inflow ofShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigrants : The United States1392 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Lema Professor Ferrell English 1470 19 Oct 2017 Illegal Immigration Illegal immigrants are coming into the United States at an alarming rate and it is affecting the United States in negative ways. Immigrants are drawn to America to escape poverty, corrupt government, crime, severe danger, drugs, or persecution in their own countries. Immigrants that come to the United States of America are supposed to apply for a Visa when they first arrive. To get a Visa, the peopleRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1303 Words   |  6 PagesAs history has shown, millions of immigrants have flocked to the United States in attempts to find a better life. The complexity of immigration is much greater now than it was in the early 1900’s. Most immigrants arriving on boats to Ellis Isle would have only been denied if they were deemed to be a criminal or with disease. Individuals must now endure an extensive application process to obtain a green card or visa. Without one of these documents, the person is considered to be here illegally. To dayRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1248 Words   |  5 Pagesa half million unauthorized immigrants in the United States in 2014. The population has remained stable for five years, and currently makes up three and half percent of the nation’s population. In the United States Labor Force, there were eight million unauthorized immigrants either working or looking for work in 2014. Is it ethical to employ illegal immigrants? According to the Pew Research Center, Currently, â€Å"49% of US citizens agree with the statement â€Å"immigrants today strengthen the countryRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1418 Words   |  6 PagesAn illegal immigrant, who works for their keep in an unknown country, contributes to taxes, stays out of trouble, and just wants a better life in a foreign country, on unknown land should be recognized for their contribution to that particular society. An illegal immigrant is a person who migrates to a different country i n a way that is in violation of the immigrant laws of that country. Immigration has been a divided topic for many years in America- illegal immigrants are sometimes seen as a burdenRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesand illegal immigrants originate to the United States. From all around a world, individuals want to arise toward America for an improved existence for them and their families. America is a freedom-oriented country, where everybody has right how to live their life in their own conditions. I myself, I remain immigrant as well. I came to U.S.A. 5 years ago. American culture remains actual diverse somewhat from other cultures. In this country, we all get the liberty to live our life. The United StatesRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal immigrants have been present in every country ever since governments have been established. Even in the time when Christopher Columbus first s et foot on North America, there were already Natives living on the continent. The British immigrants that first established the Thirteen Colonies brought disease and famine with them. Many Natives died from the diseases that the British brought with them. If there had been a federal government in place, the settlers would have been considered illegalRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1256 Words   |  6 PagesAn immigrant is a person who legally comes to a country to take up a permanent residence. An illegal immigrant is a person who does come to a country without following the established legal procedures of the destination country and who resides in that country without the proper identifications for example: visas, or other documents. Illegal immigrants are sometimes referred to as illegal aliens or undocumented workers. Emigration and immigration are two sides of the same basic act of human migrationRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1490 Words   |   6 PagesThe United States of America constantly boasts about its homeland security system and the 1.6 million dollar budget it grants to immigrant and border control. However, in the past decade the number of illegal immigrants in the US has risen from around 4 million to 11.6 million. Its insane that the United States is spending the extremely generous sum of 1.6 million dollars on border control out of its 3.8 trillion dollar budget, and is seeing no return! Currently, about 3.5 million illegal immigrantsRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1848 Words   |  8 Pagesof the United States immigration has reliably transformed into a bit of our nation s fabric which began many years earlier. Just to wind up one of the most sizzling subjects in the United States and as of late with its essential center being illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants are individuals who enters a country without the administration s authorization. In 2008, the Center for Immigration Studies assessed that there are more than 11 million illegal immigrants in the United States which areRead MoreIllegal Immigrants : The United States1174 Words   |  5 PagesEach year about 2.5 million Illegal immigrants attempt to cross the border, only about 100,000 and less make it through. Illegal immigrants come to America for a better life. They have gradually increased over time since the 1800’s. Illegal immigrants can come from all parts of the world, but most them come from spanish speaking countries (South and Central America). Most Americans believe illegal immigrants are a problem to the U.S.. Also, Illegal immigrants are believed to be bringing crime, but

Description of Relevant Music Essay Example For Students

Description of Relevant Music Essay Note: There are many more divisions of music that could be listed. This is a brief list of those most relevant to Gothic. It is in no way official or definitive, but it is a general and helpful guide. Alternative: This is the umbrella term for all music that is not part of the mainstream, includes such divisions as Punk, Modern, Gothic, Industrial, Techno, Ska, etc. Originally intended to mean music that is different, underground, avant-garde, not part of the mainstream, not popular. The term has become an oxymoron because much alternative music is now mainstream Top 40. Corporate music marketers love to use this term to sell bands that are not doing much of anything new or different. Since what it refers to now is so far from what it originally intended to mean, it has become a joke to the underground community. See alternateen. Punk: The relevant classification of old school punk music died in the 70s. Punk as a subculture survived on. The music was characterized by bands like the Dead Kennedys, Sex Pistols and Circle Jerks with irreverent, anarchic, and antiestablishment themes. The dominant turn toward disco and the growing popularity of punk the antiestablishment became the establishment when punk bands signed to major record labels killed the punk music movement in the seventies. From punk, two children emerged: first Industrial music in 1976, then Gothic music in 1979. Not as closely related to punk musically came New Wave (Modern music) in the 1980s. Punk is most influential to the gothic rock division of gothic music, with bands such as The Cure (1978) and Siouxsie and the Banshees (1976) first lumped musically into a post-punk category. Modern/New Wave: Think of the Pet Shop Boys, Duran Duran, Adam Ant and New Order. New Wave became popular in the early eighties and is also called modern music. New Wave as a term originally was used to describe just that, a new wave of bands that were creating music different from everything being made at the time. It was an all-encompassing term for all types of different and freaky music and its listeners, including the New Romantics (like Adam Ant), death rock, post-punk, modern etc. Right now what we think of as New Wave is much more specific to a certain underground look and feel of the 80s. It is the first pop music form to use synthesizers and keyboards on a regular basis. There is also a certain glamour and camp to the band members. If you dont know what New Wave is watch a brat pack movie (The Breakfast Club, Sixteen Candles, anything with Molly Ringwald, etc.), pick up an 80s compilation disc or go to a flashback, deja vu, or 80s night at a club. Many older Gothics love 80s music because thats what they grew up on. Modern music is also used to describe (often British) bands such as Depeche Mode, The Smiths, and The Cure. They have a good amount of popularity and longevity, yet are still a little odd musically. People who are into this type of music are called mods or wavers. Wavers i s a somewhat antiquated term although mods is still used. In the eighties mods were the most visible form of alternative music and culture they were strange, but not quite bizarre yet. What we now call gothic was a fairly small group of people. Goth was not yet used as a term and they were generally lumped together with all other underground groups as wavers or freaks. In the late eighties and early nineties Gothic gained a lot of visibility with the emergence of the second generation. Mods became somewhat retro in their love of eighties music, fashion, and British pop music. There is a significant crossover between modern and gothic music, although these are separate music classifications. Industrial: To go over the basics, a record label called Industrial Records coined the term in 1976. Bands like Throbbing Gristle were the Industrial pioneers. As a subculture however, industrial is much younger, probably only becoming identifiable in the 1990s. Its adherents are called rivetheads. Industrial music has its own subdivisions. There is the more guitar oriented industrial rock music, of KMFDM and Ministry for example, the more electronic dance music called EBM (Electronic Body Music) of bands such as Front 242 and Front Line Assembly, and the more experimental electronic soundscape type of music from bands like Coil and Download. I view Industrial and Gothic to be two sides to the same coin the yin and yang, the male and female. Gothic expresses the emotional, beautiful, supernatural, feminine, poetic, theatrical side and Industrial embodies the masculine, angry, aggressive, noisy, scientific, technological, political side. Industrial music often uses electronics, synth esizers, samples from movies or political speeches, loops, and distorted vocals. It tends to be male dominated in those who make the music and those who enjoy it. Industrial culture adherents are usually not quite as bizarre-looking as Gothics in general. The relative newness of the subculture also helps make Rivetheads less noticeable than Goths. There is hugely significant amount of crossover between Gothic and Industrial music and these bands are often called Gothic Industrial or Industrial Gothic depending on who says it. I like to call these bands, such as Attrition and Die Form, electro-goth. But thats just me. Goth rock/death punk/death rock: This is what gothic music started as, a darker form of punk rock music with a tendency toward misanthropy, the macabre, mystery and desolation. It grew into a distinct entity from the punk movement in the late 70s. Jodi mentioned to me that back then there were spooky punks and they just kept getting spookier and spookier. Originally what we now call Gothic music was called death rock and its listeners death rockers, especially in the UK. It wasnt until the mid to late eighties that it was called Gothic. Gothic rock is characterized by the music of Christian Death (who were the first notable US death rock outfit), The Sisters of Mercy and Bauhaus, for example. It usually contains the hard guitars typical of rock music, but with a more apocalyptic flair and a certain theatricality of the band. Gothic rock is very different from heavy metal and death metal although you will find some confusion regarding that point. Gothic music in its narrowest definiti on only consists of this music type. Folk/occult gothic: This subset goes by different names, also medieval folk music, it often focuses on European, religious or occult history. The music sounds much like folk or tribal music (obscure instruments, acoustic guitar, violin, flute etc.). The most representative bands are Current 93, Sol Invictus, and Death in June. Whether or not these bands count as gothic depends on whom you ask. However, a great deal of people who listen to these bands are Gothics. This category is not clearly defined, but it is one of the classifications that Gothic in its broadest terms encompasses. Darkwave: A fairly new term that refers to a branch of gothic music that is more introspective, moody, emotional, and artistic less rock and roll oriented. (There is some uncertainty as to whether Darkwave music is a subdivision of Gothic or a separate sister category in itself like Industrial.) Darkwave originally was used to designate a more dark electronic sound, however it wasnt until the distribution service called darkwave was born that the term had a widely noticeable usage. Darkwave encompasses ethereal and darkambient music, and the term is usually used to refer to bands featured in the darkwave catalog. Here is the history of darkwave: PROJEKT HISTORY: I began Projekt in 1983, as a cassette label to release my solo electronic music. It was a growth phase, musically, thus those early releases have been deleted In 1986, I moved to California and through depression and loneliness, I began making warmer, introspective personal music black tape for a blue girl was born. Proj ekt served as my way to release my art, without having to worry about the whims of a record label. In 1989, I released my first CD (ashes in the brittle air), and soon started to release music from other artists whose work impressed me as coming from the same passionate internal realm (Attrition and then LYCIA). Things grew, with Projekt taking more and more of my time, and the music began to reach fans in Europe too. In this new region, I discovered other labels with a strong vision and direction: Germanys HYPERIUM RECORDS, (who serve as Projekts European distributor) and also COLD MEAT INDUSTRIES. Frustrated that such quality music is impossible to find in America, I started a distribution service in the fall of 93 to get this music to the fans darkwave began. Theres a lot of music out there, really, and I decided to be picky about what darkwave carries, because I believe this catalog must have integrity, rather than merely provide a massive quantity of music. I want you to feel secure that you are getting something good, rather than just something gothic or something ethereal or ambient. Therefore, I only add new labels and releases that impress me Thus darkwave is here to serve you well. By presenting interesting music that might be otherwise unavailable or unheard of; music from artists creating powerful and adventurous work darkwave is a distributor of music I feel merits your attention; while Projekt releases the music I love and feel passionately towards To throw a wrench into clarification, I have a subdivision of Projekt (called RELIC) to reissue out-of-print albums I enjoy, even if the music doesnt neatly fit within the pure Projekt vision. These releases provide a backdrop, within which the realm of Darkwave music began Sam Rosenthal Ethereal: The dictionary defines ethereal as: highly refined, exquisite, of the celestial spheres, heavenly, unearthly, spiritual. Ethereal music is most characterized by soprano female vocals combined with almost cla ssical or folk type instrumentation (acoustic guitar, piano, cello, flute, violin along with or instead of the usual bass, lead guitar, and drums) which creates a surreal, angelic or otherworldly effect e.g. Love Spirals Downwards, Cocteau Twins. Ethereal music often contains opera-like vocals and uses the female voice as an instrument. Sometimes, a male vocalist will also be in the group along with the female vocalist. Even more rarely will there be only a male vocalist, but it is still considered ethereal if the mood created is otherworldly and surreal. The background music can also be electronic or soundscape oriented. It is currently a small division of music, and people who like this music are often called Gothics. Ethereal is a subdivision in itself, however it is grouped toward the Darkwave end rather than the Gothic Rock end. Darkambient: Ambient music is usually used to refer to a techno-trance type of repetitive creation. Darkambient by contrast is a subset of Darkwave mus ic and focuses on emotional, moody soundscapes (layer upon layer of sound), with droning or mysterious sounds and minimal, if any, vocals. It is all geared toward creating a sort of hypnotizing introspective effect. Sometimes tribal or electronic oriented, it creates a darker atmosphere than the techno counterpart of ambient music. Darkambient is often just referred to as ambient for short, but if you look in the ambient section of a record store, you will usually find the more techno-like music. If the store has a gothic section, that is where youd most likely find darkambient music. Id say that the music of Steve Roach, Vidna Obmana and Soul Whirling Somewhere are good examples of this music.

Literature Review of Pain Management in Dementia. Essay Example

Literature Review of Pain Management in Dementia. Paper LITERATURE REVIEW. Abstract Within the dementia care environment, it is my experience that it is often unclear to nursing staff as to appropriate assessment and management of pain for clients in the palliative stage of their illness. Although nurses have their experience to guide their practice, as the health professional most involved with the client at the end of life, there is a need for review of current assessment tools and management strategies to ensure the care given is evidence based and best practice. Aim The aim of this review is to examine what is the most appropriate method of pain assessment and management when working with clients with cognitive impairment. Methods Searches were made of several databases Cinahl Embase Medline BNI Psych For articles published between 1990 and 2006 using the keywords, pain assessment, pain management, elderly, dementia and palliative care. Findings Most evidence in relation to this area of practice is anecdotal demonstrating a need for further research. Evidence presented in this review shows encouraging results in regard to the development of assessment tools and that there are clear standards of process for management of pain at the end of life. The results also show that nurses are concerned and are making attempts to be proactive in this area of care despite many barriers. Conclusion Good pain control requires both sensitivity to the clients needs on every level and the competence to meet them. Assessment and management of pain for individuals with a dementia is still very hit and miss, with evidence of both very good and very poor practice being demonstrated. We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Pain Management in Dementia. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Pain Management in Dementia. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Pain Management in Dementia. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nurse education is still an unmet need within this area of practice. And that overall clients are experiencing unnecessary pain on a regular basis which could have been prevented. Introduction Pain Pain can be a common experience for many older adults and has negative effects on their health, functioning and general well being Pain presents an enormous challenge for most nurses within their daily working lives. This is due to the individual nature of pain; a client’s experience of pain is affected by their life experience compounded with the procedure or illness. Macaffrey identified the individual nature of pain when he said, â€Å"Pain is what the experiencing person says it is and exists whenever he says it does†(1979, Cited in Epps 2001). Pain can be present in the older adult for many reasons. Chronic pain conditions may include arthritis, gout and peripheral vascular disease, acute conditions such as cancer; cardio vascular disease and surgery are also prevalent causes of pain. An elderly client may present with more than one type of pain in different locations with varying causes making the nurses job all the more challenging. Dementia. The word dementia comes from Latin and translates as â€Å"out of ones mind†(Epps 2001). Although this gives a broad definition of the symptoms, dementia is actually a disease caused by permanent brain changes and loss of neurons. These changes affect the client in several ways. The impairment of cortical functions affects â€Å"memory, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language and judgement†(WHO 1993). Various dementias exist the most common being Alzheimer’s, which accounts for 65% of UK diagnosis’s (Stevens et al 2001). There are other dementias such as vascular, lewy body and picks. All of the dementias impair basic functioning and the ability to communicate also the client’s ability to interpret the feelings of pain and recall them to communicate to the nurse. This impairment potentially results with individuals unable to express pain and report it appropriately. This in turn may result in inadequate assessment and management as has been shown in studies (Bernabei Et al; 1998. Horgas Tsai; 1998). One study reported that 60% of nursing home residents with a physical diagnosis known to cause pain had not received any pain relief in the previous month (Feldt et al 1998). The American geriatric society (1998) believe that clients with dementia are at high risk for unidentified and under treated pain. As with all older adults, clients with dementia present with chronic conditions such as arthritis and acute pain experienced in the aging and the end of life process. Moss (2002) gives evidence that most elderly clients who move into long-term care will die in an institution either a nursing home or a hospital many of whom will have dementia. She states that 91% have a strong co morbid condition likely to cause pain. â€Å"The control of pain is the key to all other care†(Raiman 1998). This is especially true within old age psychiatry as if a client is in pain it may be impossible to recognise a pure diagnosis of agitation or depression and intervene accordingly when there is the possibility that these symptoms may be reactive due to inadequate pain relief. The key to therapeutic success is how well are the symptoms being relieved. Untreated pain in the client with dementia can delay healing, disturb sleep and daily activity, reduce quality of life and prolong hospitalisation (Horgas 2003). Appropriate assessment and management of pain should be paramount to nurses working in the elderly care sector. Search methods A search of the Cinahl, Medline, Embase, BNI, psycINFO databases were made using the following key words, pain assessment, pain management, elderly, dementia and palliative care. The reference lists of identified papers were also searched for relevant articles. The use of many databases was deemed necessary due to the specialism the enquiry relates to as research in dementia is still relatively new. Inclusion criteria are as follows: Articles must relate to palliative care and/or pain relief in the elderly that have reference to impaired cognition within the main body of the text and not just articles solely referencing dementia in order to gain a wider breath of material. Articles must not be specific to a particular medical condition such as breast cancer as the recommendations will be specific to condition and not transferable to an elderly psychiatric unit. Articles must have been published between 1990 and 2006. The review was not limited to a study design type as most papers identified are qualitative and give anecdotal evidence. Anecdotal evidence may not be seen as the most reliable (Parahoo 1997) but there are reasons why within this area of research most results fit into this category. Atkinson et al (1999) suggest that palliative care and adequate pain relief does not attract much funding from the pharmaceutical companies therefore unattractive to researchers, also as suggested by Ray et al (1998) ethical committee accreditation may be difficult to obtain particularly with issues as consent and suitability to participate in controlled trials as they may last longer than the client remains alive giving inaccurate results. Another reason maybe that the cognitively impaired are often excluded from research studies, as they are unable to give adequate feedback to fulfil the researchers needs for the inclusion of data. The search returned nine articles that fully met the inclusion criteria these have been included in the review. Findings The findings will be divided into two sections pain assessment and pain management. All papers bar one fell in to the naturalistic paradigm of research in that the researchers explored the nurse’s feelings and thoughts during semi- structured interviews about assessment and management of pain and recorded their findings in a descriptive manner. The paper set in the positivist paradigm was a correlation design that examined the relationship between two variables in this instance pain and agitation and generated results of a quantative nature. In all papers the sample was purposive in that clients were selected because they experience the phenomena under investigation in this instance, elderly institutionalised clients. All studies identified within the papers had been ethically approved. Pain assessment. A barrier to effective pain management is a failure to assess pain. Pain assessment is invaluable; it sets a base line against which the intervention can be compared. There are several methods of pain assessment identified within the literature. This review explores the findings drawn from the research. This article will draw reference to self-report scales as they still hold their place within pain assessment as well as those methods that concentrate on adults that are unable to communicate their pain. Pain can be assessed by means of self reporting and research by Davie et al (2004), Kovach et al (2000), Panke (2003) and Zwackhalen et al (2006) identify this as the â€Å"gold standard† in pain assessment. There are several self-report scales available to assess pain in the elderly. Most self report tools focus on pain intensity these include The visual analogue scale (VAS) which asks a client to select a number between 1 and 10 and the verbal rating scale (VRS) where you ask the client to verbalise their pain on a scale between no pain and worst pain possible. Molony (2005) found the VRS the most popular scale to use when questioning nursing staff; the main drawback of the tool that she identified was that clients learnt to anticipate the nurse’s questions. nd therefore the test may lose objectivity. There is some conflict within the literature in that Zwackhalen believes that these scales hold little benefit within dementia following her research as she identifies that these scales requires the capacity to understand the task and also the ability to communicate pain therefore generating inaccurate generated scores this view is supported by Hayes (1995) and Ferrell (1995) where as Davies generates evidence that 80% of clients in midstage dementia were able to use these scales effectively. It is because of these contrasts that it would be beneficial to explore behavioural tools and other methods as a means of supporting self-report tools in order to gain comprehensive assessment. Panke (2003) believes that non-verbal cues are their own means of self-report and should be regarded as such by patients that can’t communicate. The most commonly referenced tool within the literature is The Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI) by Feldt (2000), research on this tool by Horgas (2003) and Davie (2004) have deemed this to be an effective tool to use within dementia care. There are other tools identified within the literature but due to the frequency that it was referenced and studies that included it within their framework the critique of literature in regard to this tool seemed most relevant. The tool is designed as an observational tool for use by nursing staff. It was designed to assess postoperative clients. It asks nurses to observe for certain behaviours and score a point of one if they are present. There is no clear definition attached to this tool as to how the score correlates to pain intensity, the papers that reviewed this tool recommended that it be used in conjunction with a self reporting tool but also if there were any behavioural indicators of pain scored present further investigation and treatment should be actioned. Both of these researchers conducted their studies in community settings which could have biased the results as the tool is designed for acute pain not chronic pain and you can make the assumption that clients were not postoperative also the samples used were small there by not possibly encompassing the full range of cognition and varying physical illness. Also this tool is subjective to the nurse’s viewpoint hence the researchers results are biased towards the nurse’s viewpoint and not the client’s experience. Epps (2001) believe that nurses often under report pain of clients with dementia. It is assumed as the researchers indicated the use of another tool that this a limitation of this tool that it cannot be used as a stand-alone assessment. It may be worthwhile to repeat these studies in an impatient dementia environment to test the validity of the results. Behavioural indicators of pain as outlined by Evans (2002) in addition to those in Feldts tool are aggression, loss of appetite and withdrawal Kovach (2003) further expands on this by advising staff to look for changes in mobility and respiration. Evans and Kovachs work highlights that Feldt tool is not comprehensive, as it does not highlight what people are trying to communicate with their ongoing behaviours and that it can only be used at that snapshot in time, this factor is something that was not identified by the authors. Also how often this tool should be utilised is not explored would it be beneficial to use it daily or just when the nursing staff notice change. Panke (2003) believes you should consider all cue verbal and non-verbal and that continual reassessment of these cues is vital. Molony (2005) asked nursing staff to document the frequency of assessment. The highest frequency was found to be on admission, as determined by medical condition and those patients receiving â€Å"narcotics†. This concurred with 95% of participants. This study was comprehensive as it had 160 participants covering a cross section of job roles within the nursing sphere. Panke (2003) points out that behavioural cures are not always reliable, as moaning and grimacing are symptoms that occur with delirium as a common factor in the client in the end stage of life and that this may require assessment for both causes. This is supported by Ferrell (1995). Cohen Mansfield et al also concluded through their study that assessment is made further difficult as the client group expressed discomfit Constipation, emotional distress, cold and hunger in the same ways such as calling out and increased agitation. Cohen Mansfield study was extremely limited as it was restricted to one nursing home with a very small sample all of which had a moderate dementia and had been placed there for over two years. Most literature reviewed did not account for other possible causes of pain like symptoms. This is both positive and negative as the papers remain focused on the topic of pain assessment but the detraction is that it does not encourage the reader to view the client’s situation holistically. Only Kovach (1999) within my included literature highlighted the importance of the nurse client relationship in interpreting none verbal cues and that familiarity with the client develops the nurse’s intuition of changes in behaviour. Kovach cited another study by Parke (1998) within her research that advocated that assessment methods require nurses to know their patient intimately in order to recognise behaviours which signal presence of pain. The ability to communicate and relate to your clients is important as often the nurse is the main caregiver and clients need to feel that we will respond to them and make them feel safe at a time when the situation is alien and fearful. It would be beneficial to further explore the importance of the skills needed by the nurse in this area of care. All papers identified a lack of nurse knowledge and competence as a barrier in the assessment of pain and many suggested the need for action to improve this also nurse attitude was cited. This was mainly centred on nurse’s unfamiliarity with the assessment tools. This is identified by Davie (2004). ) Who when gaining feedback on the research conducted, the nursing staff felt that tools could be too time consuming and difficult to interpret. 99% of respondents who participated in Molony’s study (2003) felt that education was something that should be ongoing and be presented in the form of workshops, seminars and peer teaching by the bedside in order to update practice. The main barrier identified of staff not receiving appropriate training was the need for more nurses to staff units so others could attend training. This is in conflict with the NMC code of conduct that states it is the nurses own responsibility to update her practice and therefore ward staffing should not be an issue although many trusts have policies to support learning and development. Evans (2002) reviewed the literature and other research within her study, she found that educational initiatives that address clinical skills in pain and symptom management were required. Moss (2002) in a study of four hundred nursing homes in the united states that 29% of staff did not feel confident to adequately assess pain although 55% agreed pain was a problem for clients with dementia. This would leave 45% to believe that there is no problems with this issue hence highlighting further the need for nurse education, as almost half the staff in four hundred nursing homes did not recognise the problem. This figure is astounding. Kovach (1999) as part of her study evaluated the education programme currently being piloted to address the discomfit needs of clients with moderate to severe dementia. She found that staff using the protocol for assessment for which they had been trained resulted in increased awareness of resident’s discomfit and improved assessments. The findings of this study could have been strengthened by the use of a control group of nurses already competent in the assessments to provide a conclusive baseline that nurses should attain and a larger sample size. Also the recognition of variables such as physical diagnosis would have been beneficial to assess if they impacted on the findings. Glaring omissions in all research critiqued was that of involving family in the decision making process and also the gaining of information from families in order to ascertain normal behaviours and responses to pain, this could be for many reasons. Is this due to the nurse being perceived as the expert or are families at this distressing time not considered to be able to give eliable information. This requires further exploration as to the benefit of relatives input in a clients care. Also omitted was the use of do not escalate or do not resuscitate order and what they men to the client receiving palliative care and in the age of the expert patient many making advance directives and how this dictates the care we can give as nurses, do we have the right to override these statements if we deem it to be in the clients clinical best interests and where does this feature in the assessment process. This requires further research. The use of documentation and the value of the nurse-to-nurse handover is not explored within the literature as a means to aid assessment both of which are commonplace in a nurses daily routine, which leads me to believe that both these activities happened but were not documented by the researchers. Pain management Horgas and Tsai (1998) investigated prescription administration of analgesic medication of clients with cognitive impairment. The research question they posed was that cognitively impaired nursing home residents might not be prescribed adequate analgesia. The researchers concluded that clients with dementia were being prescribed and administered significantly less analgesic medication both in number and in dosage than clients without cognitive impairment it was also reported that clients who were more disorientated or withdrawn were prescribed significantly less analgesia. This correlation study drew from a large sample of 339 residents from four homes showing the study to be both reliable and valid. Moss’s study provides anecdotal evidence to support that nursing staff felt that pain in client with dementia is as aggressively treated as pain in other clients whilst Panke (2003) identified that physician were loathe to prescribe for any thing that wasn’t cancer. These conflicts may be explained as the United States and the United Kingdom have different protocols for appropriate treatment disseminated from government and allied agencies and moss’s study was in the UK and the others in the U. S. Kovach (2000) reports that the treatment strategies used by nurses are poorly understood. The outcome of her interviews with nursing staff was that nurses often felt that psychotropic drugs were being inappropriately used to treat the behavioural symptoms of pain and that analgesics commonly underused. Both the observers and the workers have identified this as a problem yet it still continues to happen as Swakhalen’s 2006 study shows. It is because of this that the need to review best management is vital. Recent research by the Joseph Rowntree foundation indicates that these problems could be overcome by the use of the NICE guidelines for analgesia (2004) these recommend regular administration and treatment adjusted from one step to the next according to increasing or decreasing pain severity, history of analgesic response and any side effects. This approach also calls into question the use of as required medication and its prevalence. The literature concurs that regular scheduled pain relief is most effective in managing symptoms. The foundation also advocates the use of non-pharmacological intervention for Pain management. The literature mainly identifies methods of drug administration and drug type most appropriate to the client group. Management of pain is one of the most important goals when caring for clients at the end of life. Horgas (2003) identified the goal of pain management is to maximise function and improve quality of life. Kovach (2000) found that nursing staff prioritised comfort over issues such as side effects or toxicity. Although some staff expressed concerns about sedation and falling in mobile clients but this becomes less of an issue with clients in the end stage of life, as they are normally bed bound. The issue of constipation was also raised by Panke (2003) as a common side effect of analgesics that was likely to cause pain and recommended that clients should be prescribed laxatives as a matter of course. Horgas (2003) identified the considerations for administering analgesics in the elderly. It is noted that aging has an affect on the effect of the drug on the client and also the concentration of the active drug is affected. Elderly clients are at higher risk of side effects due to decline in metabolism and elimination. Gradual titration is recommended to over come this. A Diamorphine as opposed to morphine is commonly the drug of choice for subcutaneous administration due to greater solubility. Kovach (2000) found that nurses felt that narcotics were underused but appreciated the value of them to maintain comfort and dignity. She supports this with several anecdotal accounts from staff. Nurses only commonly used morphine for severe pain and to promote comfort during dying. The literature concurs that longer acting opioid medication such as Fentanyl should not be rescribed for the dying client because of the slow onset of pain control and it being difficult to titrate quickly. Kovach (2000) identified that fentanyl was more commonly used than morphine in the relief of clients pain. It is recommended that fentanyl is administered via a transdermal patch as this can overcome many reasons for non-compliance in the demented client such as resistiveness; lack of understanding or forgetting to take medica tion also it is considered helpful for those clients that are unable to swallow oral preparations. If fentanyl has previously been administered and deemed not effective this will need to be supplemented with diamorphine via a syringe driver as recommended by many researchers within the review. Only half of the participants in Kovach’s study were able to identify appropriate dose escalation, most identified that there was a need to increase dosage but unable to identify a systematic process within which to work. Does this mean that clients are only getting the appropriate treatment 50% of the time due to a lack of staff education? Not all pain is opiate sensitive such as pain on movement that’s breakthrough. This is more likely to be effectively managed by the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This group can cause gastric irritation and the use of a gastric protective drug is advised. Panke (2003) identified that nurse were proactive in advocating supplementary pain relief of this nature. The literature cited the transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) as an appropriate method of pain relief, but no evidence is available to state how effective this method actually is. All literature that cites the TENS also states it should not be used for first line pain relief. Conventional medication may not always be affective and nurses should have an awareness of complementary therapies and relaxation. Nurses in Kovachs study were not questioned about non-pharmacological measure but common themes drawn from the interviews were that massage, one to one intervention, repositioning and music therapy were thought to be effective. None of the literature mentions the involvement of other agencies in promoting comfort such as the tissue viability team or the music therapists, the onus is put on the nurse to provide these things which may be outside her sphere of competence also lacking within the research is the use of equipment such as airflow mattresses and relaxing fragrance atomisers or fans to assist with those that can’t maintain body temperature. Although the literature is comprehensive on chemical pain relief, it is often not holistic as to assess the client’s environment. There are articles on alternatives to medication that were generated during the literature search such as one by Pearce (2004) advocating that the approach be high touch and include things such as hand activity and soothing touch, but sadly articles such as this that make complete sense to the reader are not evidence based and therefore inadmissible to be critiqued in this review. Actual research in this area is desperately needed to guide nurse’s practice to create a holistic approach. It should be noted that techniques such as relaxation require higher levels of functioning and may only be successful if the client can participate. Restlessness and delirium are common close to death. This may be due to opioid toxicity, a recommendation of haloperidol is recommended for drug toxicity. Panke (2003) is the only author to identify this. I have commonly seen it myself in practice that a low dose antipsycotic is very effective. Haloperidol also can assist with nausea and vomiting. The ethical issue as to whether analgesia will hasten death is identified within the literature as a concern for nurses and relatives. With nurses interviewed by moss (2002) asking what is permissible? The American nursing association in 1991 stated â€Å"nurses should not hesitate to use full and effective doses of pain medication for the proper management of pain in the dying patient. The increasing titration of pain medication to achieve adequate symptom control, even at the expense of life is ethically justified†. None of the literature asks what is the patient’s quality of life and if we are, why are we attempting to extend this, also could unrelieved pain hasten death due to the stress level it places on the client. These are all area that needs further research. No mention is made in the research as to the impact of hospital policy on the treatment of these clients and whether there are set standards dictated from trust level. Conclusion There is a clear need to address this issue as the proportion of people with dementia is likely to increase along with the increasing proportion of elderly persons in the population as due to more effective health care people are living longer. Although pain assessment and treatment is complicated with the client with dementia. Many clients pain can be relieved by the nurse’s efforts to understand each individual and their unique way of communicating pain. Effective assessment and management requires â€Å" listening to and believing in reports of pain as well as the knowledge and skill in detecting pain among those unable to convey its presence verbally† (Horgas Tsai 1998). All management should be individualised and tailored to the client. The most important step in improving pain control in clients with dementia as identified by this review is for nurses to be proactive in the assessment of pain. Pain assessment is the important first step in effective pain management. This review has identified that individuals with dementia can answer simple questions about the presence of pain and pain assessment in older adults should always start with self-reported pain. Nurses need to be aware of all possible sources of information when assessing clients with dementia and other conditions that impair communication and take into account non verbal behavioural cues such aggressiveness and increased vocalisation. This review also identified the need for increased frequency of assessment and that it is performed at a relevant time as clients may not be able to recall past experience of pain due to their impairment. Pain is a significant problem for older adults and has the potential to negatively impact on all areas of their lives. Pain management that includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures was considered to be effective. The need for appropriate nurse education has been highlighted throughout the review and that most nurses felt that they did not have sufficient knowledge to care for these clients, this is something that needs urgent address in order to provide a good quality of service. With the advancement of technology and medication, pain is not an experience that should be commonplace for any individual receiving medical care whether it is in hospital or in the community and with the effective use of strategies we as nurses can really improve the quality of our client’s lives. Areas highlighted for further research from this review are nurse education and ethical issues regarding pain relief and non-pharmacological treatments. This review found many omissions in the research but this could be due to the fact that certain activities are commonplace and the expectation is on the reader to assume these activities happen.

Analytical Essay Topics and Ideas

Analytical Essay Topics and Ideas Before writing an essay, a student should understand its type and the purpose of the assignment. The case with an analytical piece can bring confusion. Some people may entangle it with an argumentative essay. However, an analytical article is not to convince someone but to determine, evaluate, describe, and interpret the object. Commonly, analytical essays are not an easy job to do, as each topic or field of interest has its peculiarities. It is a demanding process that requires an evaluation of data, giving a student the complete picture. Here are some ideas for an analytical essay sample: 1. Transformation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The particular analytical essay topic involves the analysis of the main characters throughout the novel Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Stevenson. The interpretation of the facts and events in the essay requires the original book and can be supplemented by some psychological articles on the particular issue. In the end, the work is an effective way to practice literary analysis and improve the comprehension of human nature. 2. Works of Banksy This idea contemplates the examination of one Banksys art piece. It is a fresh issue to discover due to the impact of the artist on the contemporary culture. For the proper analysis, a student would need specific work and materials on modern art analysis, in particular, the ones referring to the critical theory. The writing of the essay would require the definition of the objects, their relation to society, and how it aims to affect the viewer. 3. The Analysis of Agreement Between Trump and Kim Jong-un The evolution of this issue is significant due to the nuclear status of the U.S. and North Korea. The event assessment may include the consideration of reasons, processes, and meeting outcomes. A student should apply one of the theories on international relations, for example, the realist theory. The practical analysis would require meeting with the history of both countries and their issues, while the article â€Å"What have Trump and Kim signed? We Read Between the Lines† by Justin McCurry in Guardian can be adequate for the interpretation of the case. 4. The Portrayal of Dissociative Disorder in Split The dissociative disorder remains a significant issue for scientists due to the complicated nature. The film Split by M. Night Shyamalan provides the image of the mental issue to the large masses, and the film analysis can provide an understanding of the illness, and whether it is true. A student may require examining the key symptoms of the disorder and comparing them with the movie scenes. The article â€Å"Split Is Based on Myths about Dissociative Identity Disorder† by Bethany Brand and Daniele Pasko can be helpful. 5. Facebook-Cambridge Analytica Scandal and Society Informational security and privacy are the issues affecting the rights and everyday lives of people. The assessment of this event would require examination of Facebook processes, how they affect people, and how the third parties use the network to impact the behavior of individuals. One would need to investigate the Facebook policy and the report on the Cambridge Analytica. The article â€Å"The Facebook and Cambridge Analytica scandal† by Alvin Chang in Vox can help. 6. Brexit Pros and Cons The exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union is an important political event, which affects the whole region. Writing an essay on this topic involves the evaluation of the economic and political consequences for the U.K. The analysis implies an assessment of economic benefits, agreements, financial flows, and political environment. The identification of the pros and cons requires an estimation of effects on the different areas and factors. The corresponding section on the website of The Institute of International and European Affairs can support the research. 7. Justin Trudeau and Contemporary Politics The Prime Minister of Canada is one of the brightest leaders with progressive ideas. The evaluation of his actions and the image will help to understand modern political trends. The analysis may include consideration of his relations with other countries, his policy, and public reaction. The book Justin Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy by Hillmer and Lagasse is one of the sources to use. 8. Andy Warhol’s Work The contemporary art was affected mainly by Andy Warhol, and the current development requires recognition of his actions. One may view Warhol’s under the impact of consumerism in which the elements and objects are vital for conveying the message. In this regard, the book How to Analyze the Works of Andy Warhol by Fallon can encourage the evaluation. 9. Analyze the Tide Ad The Super Bowl Tide ad brought the advertisement to a new level being very memorable. The analysis of the commercial includes an evaluation of different elements, in particular, the form, symbols, message, plot, and audience. Thereby, a student should describe the engagement of these elements and their roles. The articles on such websites as Adweek or Mad Marketing Pro are to bring more clarity on the topic. 10. How to Decrease the Influence of Gangs Gangs are a significant problem in the development of communities. They are an outcome of chronic social issues, which needs a solution. The analysis may help to identify the key reasons and provide ways to deal with gangs and their influence. In this regard, the book Juvenile Delinquency: The Core is fundamental to the understanding of organized criminals. 11. The Portrayal of Jesus in Judaism and Christianity This subject is complicated and requires the introduction of different religious works. However, the analysis of Jesus representation can significantly help to realize his role in religion and culture. Christians see Jesus as God while Jewish tradition denies it. The analysis of different religious texts shall provide the reasons for it. Subsequently, one needs to evaluate different documents, in particular, the Canonical gospels and Jewish religious pieces. 12. Why the USSR Fell Apart The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics represents the system contrary to capitalism, providing a different way for the development of society. The analysis of its dissolution is to underline its elements and outline the flaws leading to the end. The examination of the great political system involves considering political, social, economic, and military factors. By that, a researcher shall apply the political and economic thought, while the books on USSR are to provide a thorough background for the analysis. 13. Brand Personality of Lego The success of Lego is significant, showing that the personality of a brand is vital. The analysis will explain how brand personality has been achieved, and how the company defines it in strategy. A student will need to analyze the fundamental values, messages, and determine the brand characteristics. Books in marketing, in particular, The Science and Art of Branding by Franzen and Moriarty can be helpful. 14. The Historical Analysis of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl has become a significant piece of writing in the context of the abolitionist movement. It portrays the key events and provides internal insights. Respectively, it is interesting to examine the connection between the events and experience of the writer. A student should use the original book, but critical pieces can be implemented as well. 15. The Consequences of the French Revolution for States The French Revolution caused substantial changes in the politics and consideration of the nation, which set the basis for the modern world order. From this, it is exciting to see how the French Revolution affected the social and political ideas, as well as the technological development of the states. The application of sources about a description of historical events, like History.com, can help in achieving the goal of the essay. 16. The Feminist Analysis of the Film Hidden Figures by Theodore Melfi The rights of women have become the significant issue in the recent decade, while the film, portraying the story about the scientists in the NASA, appears to be a source of the institutional racism and sexism. The film analysis can help to recognize these two issues by the definition and interpretation of the film parts related to the oppression. A student needs to evaluate the film and may apply the concepts from the book Critical media studies: An introduction by Ott and Mack. 17. What is the Effect of the Spiral of Silence in Media or Politics The particular concept, showing the causes of holding an opinion because of the fear of isolation, has been central in political science and can explain the behavior of people concerning political action. The interpretation and analysis of the use of this theory in politics can help to understand the role of media and psychology in communication. The concept examination requires the analysis of the reasons for fear and ways to affect people’s behavior. The article â€Å"Twenty-Five Years of the Spiral of Silence: A Conceptual Review and Empirical Outlook† by Scheufele and Moy can significantly contribute to the essay. 18. The Analysis of the Main character in the â€Å"Flowers for Algernon† by Daniel Keyes The book became fundamental for raising the ethical and moral issues about the development of the human. In this regard, the analysis of the main character, Charlie, and his issues provides the chance to comprehend the social impact, oppression, or unfair treatment. Keyes’ novel will be the central part of character analysis, particularly his conflicts with the society, overcome of challenges, and internal transformations. 19. Why the Slavery System Appeared? Slavery has significantly affected the life of modern societies contributing to discrimination and inequality. The understanding of the causes of its emergence derives from the analysis of the political and economic order and demands of the past. At the same time, certain events secured the humiliating order and influenced human relations. The examination of the slave trade growth is critical to understanding the causes of slavery system establishment. 20. How did the Broken Windows Theory Help to Diminish the Crime? The crime is the relevant issue for many countries, while the Broken Windows Theory provides the fundamental method for its prevention. The analysis is concerned with social behavior and the argument that small crimes trigger bigger lawlessness. The essay may examine the practice of the New York Police Department backing it with the explanation of social motives behind such practice. Conclusion The analytical essay is about a critical definition, observation, and interpretation of the object for a better understanding of its essence. This type of writing may refer to different fields, including media, literature, politics, psychology, or sociology. Nevertheless, the essential functions the writer does are finding and evaluating the key constituents of the object, character, or an event.

How to Get Your CDL in Maryland and Arizona

How to Get Your CDL in Maryland and Arizona This article is useful for anyone who wants to get your CDL in Maryland and Arizona. If you want to learn about earning a CDL at other states, we have put together a comprehensive guide on how to get a commercial driver’s license in every state of the country. MarylandThe following are the requirements for obtaining a CDL in Maryland.You must be 18 years old to obtain a learner’s permit for an intrastate CDL and  21 years of age for an interstate one.You must have a full Maryland driver’s license.When applying, you must provide proof of age, identity, and Maryland residence.Drivers of heavy trucks, buses and vehicles placarded for  hazardous materials  must have a special CDL  with proper endorsements. Vehicles 26,000+ pounds, buses designed to transport 16+ passengers including the driver, all school buses, mobile cranes, uncoupled tractors, and most tow trucks are included.You must pass a  vision screening  and knowledge test.Out-of-state learnerâ⠂¬â„¢s permits cannot be exchanged for a Maryland learner’s permit or license.You must present valid Med Cert documentation (DOT card, skills performance evaluation, waiver exemption, etc.) whether applying for a new license or renewing, duplicating or correcting a CDL.In order to obtain your CDL, you must pass a knowledge test and a skills test.Knowledge TestThe  desired  class of license and endorsements you seek  will determine what CDL knowledge tests are required. You must obtain an 80% passing score on each required test. You must provide a Medical Examiner’s Certificate (DOT Card) or a valid Intrastate State/Interstate Waiver.The General Knowledge Test is required by all applicants, and you must pass it to take  additional knowledge tests.The Air Brake Knowledge Test is required if your vehicle is equipped with air brakes.The Combination Vehicles Knowledge Test is required if you want to drive combination vehicles.The Tanker Knowledge Test is required if you want to haul liquids in bulk.The Double/Triples Knowledge Test is required to pull double or triple trailers.The Passenger Knowledge Test is required by all bus drivers and school bus operators. In addition, school bus operatiors must pass the   School Bus Knowledge Test.The Hazardous Materials Knowledge Test is required if you wish to haul hazardous materials.CDL Skills TestThis test consists of a  pre-Trip Inspection to include an air brake test if vehicle is equipped with air brakes, a basic maneuvers test, and a public road test.  You must pass each level before moving on to the next.ArizonaThe following vehicles require you to have a CDL:If you will drive a combination vehicle (truck and trailer) whose trailer has a GVWR of 10,001+ lbs. total weight with the truck of 26,001+ lbs, you will need a Class A CDL.If you will drive a vehicle with  GVWR is 26,001+ lbs., you will need a Class B CDL. With this license, you can also tow a trailer with  weight that does not exceed 10,000 lbs.If you will transport hazardous materials or 16+ passengers (including the driver) in a vehicle with  GVWR 26,000 lbs. or less, you will need a Class C CDL.To obtain your CDL, You must  answer a minimum of  80 percent of the questions on each knowledge test correctly and complete a road/skills test in the class of vehicle you intend to drive.Knowledge TestAll applicants must pass a knowledge test required for the class of license, restriction, and endorsements they wish to possess. A general knowledge test for the Class, a or Class B and C license must be successfully completed by all CDL applicants.Skills TestAfter passing the appropriate knowledge tests, you  must then take the skills test for the class and type of vehicle you intend to drive.   Included on this exam are a  pre-trip inspection, a test of basic vehicle control, and a test in on-road driving.

Membership of the European Unoin is not the only challenge to the Essay

Membership of the European Unoin is not the only challenge to the traditional view of the supremacy of the UK Parliment, but it is the only one that seriously undermines that traditional view. Discuss - Essay Example That is, before the establishment of towns and cities, the concentration of people were in villages, where they lived a way of life, governed by local politics. With the evolution of humans and territories, political setup, which ruled a village, also evolved and new political setups or governance came into being, to rule cities, provinces or states and importantly countries. One of the political setups or governance that is visible all over the world, particularly in democratic countries is the Parliament. Parliament is the governing body which is endowed with the power of law-making and also functions as the forum for discussion and solution of peoples’ problems. â€Å"The term ‘Parliament’ is usually associated with the British system of parliamentary government, a system which has influenced the development of representative assemblies in many parts of the world† (Sapara). So, this paper will focus on the â€Å"Mother of Parliaments†, the United Kingdom Parliament, and will analyze its supremacy and importantly the issues that have crept in, to challenge that supremacy. The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body for United Kingdom and also its overseas territories. It only confers powers to all the other political bodies of United Kingdom, who all form an important part of governance. The UK parliament is of bicameral mode, with an upper house, the House of Lords, and a lower house, the House of Commons. â€Å"By constitutional convention, all government ministers, including the Prime Minister, are members of the House of Commons or, less often, the House of Lords, and are thereby accountable to the respective branches of the legislature† (wikipedia). So, in addition to conferring the power, the parliament makes them accountable for their actions, when they govern the people and take care of the public issues. Apart from these powers or

Qs (Organizational behavior ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Qs (Organizational behavior ) - Essay Example This forces such groups to undertake large risks that may result in failures such as the Challenger disaster in 1986. Also, such groups tend to forego warnings collectively since they hold that their group is unquestionably right in its decisions without any real need for an analysis of consequences. Other groups are seen as being controlled by leaders that are enemies of the groupthink group. This promotes a hostile environment since negotiations and other amicable means of settlement are off the table leading to wasted time at defeating the other group. Members who tend to question the stereotypical group environment are pressurised since this is seen as a sign of betrayal from the group’s cohesive environment. 2. Describe, discuss, and give examples of the various stages of group development. Groups develop using four stages that are (1) common recognition (2) communication and taking decisions (3) impetus and output and (4) management and organisation. In the first stage, the group members interact with each other on various issues in order to gauge each other opinions in order to build a common image. In the next stage, group members collectively communicate together in order to make decisions to benefit the group overall. Thirdly, groups are motivated enough to become productive as a whole since group members know their roles and responsibilities and how to deliver in the existing environment. Lastly, groups begin to assign roles and responsibilities on criteria of achieving results and perform corrective measures to enhance productivity. 3. Which types of teams discussed in Chapter 10 could successfully operate as virtual teams? Provide support for your answer. Quality circles, problem solving teams and product development teams could successfully operate as virtual teams. Quality circles need to meet at intervals in order to monitor performance using statistics derived from the physical workplaces. On the other hand, problem solving teams need to come together only when problems arise. Given that the problem may require interaction from various areas, a problem solving team may require by design to be a virtual team. Product development teams are formed at differing horizontal and vertical levels and require constant interaction from various locations such as the manufacturing floor, the corporate head office etc. so using virtual teams is preferable. 4. Discuss and give examples of the opportunities and challenges of communicating across international cultures. Communication across international culture opens up new possibilities for trade, commerce and business as well as providing new learning areas. A business can avail a number of new different opportunities through cross cultural communication to enhance organisational aims and objectives. However, communication between cultures is also problematic since various cultures have different expectations and structures. This presents a large number of problems that must be scaled in order to allow cross cultural communication. Language is the primary barrier followed by expectations on how a business is organised. For example, a Japanese salesman may require input from superiors before making decisions while an American salesman may initiate a sale himself. 5. Describe, discuss, and give examples of the ways that the source and the receiver can improve the communication process. The first and foremost issue of importance is language. The sending and the receiving ends should mutually agree to a language that

Pollution Essay Essay Example for Free

Pollution Essay Essay Pollution happens absolutely everywhere, every single second of the day, everywhere on earth. It happened in any city, any town, or any state. You can find pollution in cars, home electronics, personal hygiene products, natural disasters, and even your own home. Pollution is poison for anything that lives and breathes; it could toxify water, air, land, humans, and animals, and is not to be taken lightly. As a law people should be more considerate of their surroundings and try harder to preserve the world we live in, even if it is inconvenient to us. Because if we don’t save ourselves, who will? The effects we could do to save our planet from pollution could be proactive, instead of catastrophic and disastrous. Everyone benefits when we have clean water, air, land, etc. not just one thing. For example, you never hear any news on the TV, or over the internet talking about how a person passed away from clean air overdose, that would be crazy. Instead we hear news like, man died from pollution, family living in home pollution, water tests show pollution particles, the list could go on forever. By identifying the problem early, we can start to reverse the pollution process. Therefore, we can take what we have now and set new standards and laws that can help us from killing ourselves in the long run and putting the earth in a more clean state. The problem is, not everyone agrees with the fact that pollution is hurting us right now, or going to hurt us, and new generations to come. People get this information from insignificant and false sources and then spread that information to others that will willingly listen, without objection. This statement misses the point though; the fact is people are trying to help us now. And even though we might not feel the negative effects, it doesn’t mean it’s not happening to us right now. Some places have higher levels of pollution in their air and water and those people might be in more danger than others, and they might not even know it. For this reason one person cannot do this by themselves, it needs worldwide effort, from everyone. People need to stop being lazy and do something for themselves, and others. Also people need to start thinking about the future, and not just the year that’s going on right now. To meet these high demands of labor and cost, I think people should be required to carpool with other people a few times a week, or stop using girl products like hairspray and other cans of manmade chemicals and CFC’s that deplete the ozone layer and cause minor but significant pollution. If people really did try to change something small they do every day, and everyone did it, think of how much good change could happen. And never think just because something’s small, it won’t hurt â€Å"As much† because its people like that who chose the worst decisions. Also I’m sure for most objects, or personal hygiene products wouldn’t have a problem changing a few chemicals in their product to make it more people and planet friendly. There have been so many companies and organizations that have helped the earth and have reduced the amount of toxins we use. People everyday try to come up with new ideas, and strategies to get us where we need to go, and what we need to do, without the harmful effects of chemicals and toxins. So as iv stated many times in this essay, one little person can make a huge difference, but not only one person can do it alone. We all need to try to help to save our environment from pollution for ourselves, and for future generations. And just think, if everyone changed something in their daily routine to make it more planet friendly, how that could turn out to help all of us in the long run.

Leadership :: servant leadership

Honestly when I heard of YLI and signed up to go I was thinking 'what am I getting myself into?' 'I can't believe I paid good money to go to a boring leadership camp. I won't learn anything that I don't already know.' I can't tell you how wrong I was with those initial thoughts. The more I think about it, the more I realize that during those 5 days I learned from some very special people how to become a great leader and a great person, and I was also taught an essential concept that I will use throughout my life: the Rotary Club 4- Way Test. Picture this: you are going into your sophomore or junior year of high school. You love soccer and it has been your favorite sport since you were a little kid. The fall season has just ended and you are at the final meeting of the season. Your coach calls you over; he wants to talk to you. He tells you that you need to start taking steroids. He says it will help out the team and it will help you get a starting spot on the varsity team. As he says this, there is an implicit meaning in his words that, if you do not agree, there won't be a place on the team for you next year. What should you do? What can you do? Do you go along with him, or tell him you won't do it? This is where your true character is revealed. It's times like these when the rotary club 4-way test comes in very handy. To use the 4-way test in this situation ask yourself, 'Is it truth?' In this case it is not truth because steroids are illegal. 'Is it fair to all concerned?' Taking steroids is definitely not fair. It is not fair to your other teammates trying out for the team and it is not fair to the teams you play because you have an unfair advantage. 'Is it beneficial to all?' No, it is not, because steroids can be harmful to you and to those who are close to you. 'Will it build goodwill and better friendships?' There is no way steroids will build better friendships. In fact, the side effects will do the opposite. They will hurt those around you. It's a tough decision to make, but if you take the time to ask yourself these questions you will realize the right course of action. We all know that YLI is about

Raising Bilingual Child

Some would argue that being a parent or a child existing in a bilingual environment may be only of an invaluable merit. This is true, with the assumption that both parties have similar expectations or do not have any that would conflict them and there is no the outside or a so called family pressure. Let us dwell to some extent on the merits. To begin with, the unquestionable advantage children would experience is the exposure to double language environment. If the learning process is not impacted by any negative factors, the language acquisition comes naturally and bilingualism is found as if the person were always a native speaker belonging to both speaking communities. The language command is easy and does not strain the speaker. A child has contact with two cultures represented by two languages and is exposed to sometimes two various communities differing in race, beliefs, religion, creed, values and geographical location. Secondly, bilingual children are more open to changing environments and have better learning abilities. Their intelligence may be of a higher level but not in a sense of the possessed IQ. Bilingual children are more creative and have learning flexibility. They are characterized by a better sense of the language as well as greater accuracy in choosing language vocabulary and structures for expressing themselves. Children who enjoy a multilingual education can transfer knowledge of one language to another, which allows for deeper comprehension. On the other hand, the most easily overlooked drawback to taking multilingual path is that it requires more effort on the part of the parents. Raising a bilingual child is a commitment, long-term investment in a child. It will demand extra effort on parent’s part to provide enough language exposure, extra encouragement, keeping language rules consistent, and if it possible find the best multilingual school or after school supplementary education program for a child. In addition, there comes a question what language is the basis for the thinking process. The exposure and learning of two languages simultaneously demands an extra brain and emotional effort as a child needs to find himself in two language ruled worlds and to find his/her way through. There might be some conflicts or creation of emotional barriers to acquire and use more sophisticated language structures in both languages at the same time. Taking everything into account, raising a bilingual child in a monolingual country can be challenging, however, learning an extra language is easier during childhood when the human brain is absorbing everything like a sponge. Arming a child with more than one language can lead to more job opportunities, as well as the ability to connect to more people, both socially and professionally.

Expression versus expectations in Chekhov’s The lady with the pet dog

In The lady with the pet dog, Chekhov’s notion of romantic love coincides with his idea of the duplicitous self and society. Central to Chekhov’s discussion of romantic love is the individual and the institutions that define him (in particular, marital and domestic ones) which Chekhov sees as anything but intact. What whole is perceived on the surface is in reality a fragmented clumsily held together by bogus and empty morality tantamount to hypocrisy. In this case, the romantic impulse comes as a liberating and redeeming sensibility. However, Chekhov asserts, the survival, let alone existence of the romantic love is possible only in the dark—in the small, private (and forbidden) enclave away from the persecuting and prying eyes of the collective. Chekhov (2007) writes of Gurov, â€Å"†¦everything that in which he was sincere and did not deceive himself, everything that made the kernel of his life, was hidden from other people; and all that was false in him†¦all that was open† (chap. IV). Indeed what stands out in Chekhov’s work is the clash between individual sentiments and social expectations; defiance versus the norm, liberating passion as opposed to the stifling demands of pseudo-propriety. Such contestation of values is played out in the characters of Anna Sergeyevna and Dmitri Gurov. Both are trapped and paralyzed by their family and marriages, relationships which are more nominal than actual. Both suffer from a breakdown of communication with their partners and more importantly, their selves. Hence, the disruption of self-expression. Their efforts toward self-definition and determination are brutally countered by the conventions of their sexuality and status. As a result, what occurs is an extinction of their personality and consequently, the imperilment of their love. In this climate, masks are the only means of self-preservation. Gurov, for one, is a man of several faces. His faà §ade appears to be in strict compliance with the behavioral codes attendant of his class and gender. His misogynistic gestures belie his genuine nature. He â€Å"always spoke ill of women, and when they are talked about in his presence, used to call them the lower race†¦. yet he could not get on for two days together without the ‘lower race’† (I). Convention, together with his pretensions, reduces Gurov to a flat and passive character. So flat, in fact, that his entire life and personality can be summed up by the following words: â€Å"He was under forty, but he had a daughter already twelve years old, and two sons at school† (I). In this respect, Gurov is a typical family man. He is head (or better yet, cog) of a family the stability and comfortability of which is owed more to economic and social factors than human warmth and understanding. The family stands for the simple reason that Gurov and his wife, no matter how superficially are playing their parts well. Paradoxically and yet, understandably, Gurov’s extra-marital affairs offer no significant threat to the solidity of his domestic sphere. His women are but fleeting muses, objects of a passion that fades just as quickly as it ignites. Such transient and cold encounters inevitably deteriorate: â€Å"†¦every intimacy which at first so agreeably diversifies life and appears a light and charming adventure, inevitably grows into a regular problem of extreme intricacy, and in the long run the situation becomes unbearable† (I). In a sense, Gurov’s relationships with other women are simply extensions of his mechanical family life. Gurov is deader than alive; older than his years. Despite his numerous preoccupations— â€Å"He already felt a longing to go to restaurants, clubs, dinner parties, anniversary celebrations†¦ entertaining distinguished lawyers and artists† (III)—his hunger for life and love remains unsatisfied. His romantic sensibility continues to stagnate. Gurov’s fate is a microscopic version of the spiritual inertia plaguing larger society. As Gurov laments, â€Å"What senseless nights, what uninteresting, uneventful days! The rage for card playing, the gluttony, the drunkenness, the continual talk always about the same thing† (III). Apparently the preoccupied life of the materially comfortable fail to fill the gaping hole within the individual, in this case, a premature organism at most. What intactness is gained through the observance of superficial social rituals is nothing but conformity and monotony. Gurov’s premature self translates to the frustration of his artistic sensibility. Gurov â€Å"had taken a degree in arts, but had a post in the bank; that he had trained as an opera singer, but ad given it up†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I). Again, passion has given way to practicality and material considerations. Though practically nameless (indeed, one can only name her through Gurov, and partially at that), Gurov’s wife is far from being a peripheral and passive figure. She enters the story (one can even say, intrude) almost simultaneously as Gurov does. The first glimpse of Gurov is intertwined with that of her that one appears to be the foil of another. Chekhov’s description of her evokes strength (and to a degree, death and deadliness) uncommon of her sex: â€Å"†¦his wife seemed half as old again as he†¦. as she said of herself, intellectual. She read a great deal†¦he secretly considered her unintelligent, narrow inelegant, was afraid of her, and did not like to be at home† (I). His wife’s sense of individuality proves corrosive to their relationship. Not that Chekhov despises individuality in women, Anna’s struggle toward self-definition show otherwise. What makes Gurov’s wife’s fatal is that it consumes, by emasculating, Gurov. An individuality such as her hampers union and unity, disadvantageous to love. The juxtaposition of Gurov and his wife’s sensibility lays bare a glaring incongruity, symptomatic of the failure of their marital communication. The marital environment isolates them both. For Gurov â€Å"in his home it was impossible to talk of his love, and he had no one outside†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III). And when his wife catches on and reacts to   his hints on love: â€Å"†¦no one guessed what it meant; only his wife twitched her black eyebrows, and said: ‘The part of a lady-killer does not suit you at all, Dimitri’† (III). Their marital union is grounded on repulsion and revulsion. In stark contrast to his wife is the character of Anna Sergeyevna, whose individuality, at least in the beginning, is yet to be defined. Which is not to say that she is empty, for like Gurov, Anna is in search of a life above the mundane: â€Å"To live, to live!†¦ I was fired by curiosity†¦I could not control myself; something happened to me, I could not be restrained† (I). The amorphousness of Anna and Gurov serves as a point of connection, a common ground for them. Anna’s gradual progression from anonymity to indiviulaity is paradoxically combined in her identity as â€Å"the lady with the pet dog†. When Gurov’s â€Å"romance with an unknown woman† (I) unexpectedly escalates to full-blown romance – â€Å"that sweet delirium, that madness† (II) — Anna’s personality becomes indelible: â€Å"Anna did not visit him in dreams, but followed him about everywhere and haunted him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II). Indeed, what marks Gurov’s love for Anna is its sense of permanence and identity. Anna’s face is not gobbled up by oblivion, nor does it fade in the crowd. To Gurov, she is the only â€Å"lady with the pet dog†. This sense of eternity is not bound to be challenged though. Society looms as a more powerful and sinister force in the lovers’ lives. Their love is taboo, a truth which they can only postpone but never defeat: â€Å"†¦it seemed to them that fate itself had meant them for one another, and they could not understand why he had a wife and she had a husband†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (IV). Chekhov does not negate the potency, even necessity of genuine romantic love. He does not offer false hopes about it either. Gurov and Anna can only dwell in the present; what the future has to offer is far from hopeful: â€Å"†¦and it was clear to both that they still had a long road before them, and that the most complicated and difficult part is only just beginning† (IV). References Chekhov, A. (2007). The lady with the pet dog. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from   http://www.enotes.com/lady-pet-text.

Why Gun Control is Wrong essays

Why Gun Control is Wrong essays Once upon a time Americans had what they believed to be a solution to crime it was called gun control. Gun control was a relatively simple concept; if you reduce the amount of guns out on the streets then you reduce the amount of gun related crime. After a few months, however, something astonishing happened people started losing their minds crime actually increased once gun control took effect. The golden goose solution for diminishing crime was backfiring. How could this happen? An even more pressing question to consider is how such unconstitutional legislation could even be passed? Perhaps the most pressing issue today is gun control which is wrong because it impedes on an American's second amendment right and increases crime. First off, this great nation of ours had the courtesy to bless us with certain unalienable rights one of them being my best friend the second amendment. For those of you not familiar with the second amendment it reads A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Our founding fathers felt such conviction in the fact that their citizens should be allowed to protect themselves that they had it precede the vital rights of speech, religion, press, and assembly. In the book The Omnivores Dilemma author Pollan states Walking with a loaded rifle in an unfamiliar forest bristling with the signs of your prey is thrilling. It embarrasses me to write that, but it is true, (p.336) which simply illustrates the majesty of hunting and marksmanship. Clearly guns have considerable importance not only as a representation of protection but as sport. Pollan later goes on to speak of how if people went out of their way to hunt and gather food that it would free consumers of the burdens involved in finding food clear of steroids, pesticides, or other substances because they would know its purity(Po...

The Most Abundant Protein

The Most Abundant Protein Have you ever wondered what the most abundant protein is? The answer depends on whether you want to know the most common protein in the world, in your body or in a cell. Protein Basics A protein is a polypeptide, a molecular chain of amino acids. Polypeptides are, indeed, the building blocks of your body. And, the most abundant protein in your body is collagen. However, the worlds most abundant protein is RuBisCO, an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in carbon fixation. Most Abundant on Earth RuBisCO, whose full scientific name is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, according to Study.com, is found in plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and certain other bacteria. Carbon fixation is the main chemical reaction responsible for inorganic carbon entering the biosphere. In plants, this is part of photosynthesis, in which carbon dioxide is made into glucose, notes Study.com. Since every plant uses RuBisCO, it is the most plentiful protein on earth with nearly 90 million pounds produced every second, says Study.com, adding that it has four forms: Form I, the most common type is found in plants, algae, and some bacteria.Form II is found in different types of bacteria.Form III is found in some archaea.Form IV is found in some bacteria and archaea. Slow Acting Surprisingly, each individual RuBisCO is not all that efficient, notes PBD-101. The website, whose full name is Protein Data Bank, is coordinated by Rutgers University, the University of California, San Diego, and San Diego State University as a study guide for college students. As enzymes go, it is painfully slow, says PBD-101.  Typical enzymes can process a thousand molecules per second, but RuBisCO fixes only about three carbon dioxide molecules per second. Plant cells compensate for this slow rate by building lots of the enzyme. Chloroplasts are filled with RuBisCO, which comprises half of the protein. This makes RuBisCO the most plentiful single enzyme on the Earth. In the Human Body Around 25 percent to 35 percent of protein in your body is collagen. It is the most common protein in other mammals, too. Collagen forms connective tissue. It is found primarily in fibrous tissue, such as tendons, ligaments, and skin. Collagen is a component of muscle, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, the cornea of your eye, intervertebral discs, and your intestinal tract. Its a little harder to name a single protein as the most common in cells because the composition of cells depends on their function: Actin is a very common protein that is found in all eukaryotic cells.Tubulin is another important and abundant protein used in cellular division among other purposes.Histones, associated with DNA, are present in all cells.Ribosomal proteins are abundant since they are needed to produce other proteins.Red blood cells contain high concentrations of the protein hemoglobin, while muscle cells contain a high level of the protein myosin.