The Educational System Trying Free Essays

Is the guarantee of safety of others a compelling reason in which to form and maintain policies that make all school aged athletes or anyone who is involved in school based extra curricular activities subject to a mandatory drug screening or does this become a violation of constitutional rights? Can it be said that those in a choir or band recital pose just as much threat as those in vigorous sports and if so what kind of dangers do these people emit? Just how far can schools go in their policies befire they become shut down indefinitely when it comes to making policies â€Å"For the greater good? † It all started in 1995 when an Oregon school won their case in which they chose to make all athletes be drug tested. In an outcry the students filed suit and in the end it was the school who prevailed. Since then more and more schools are adopting or have done so or at least trying to adopt that same policy, many have succeeded with little to no issue while others have acted as the Acton family did in the Oregon case. We will write a custom essay sample on The Educational System Trying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schools claim that in having a drug testing policy for athletes that this will help allay future endangerments and promote a healthier stance not only with the athletes but with the other students as well. Furthermore, the Oreogn school won their case for only those who are involved in athletics, not those that are involved in other extra curricular activities such as band or choir. The case in Oregon made in to the Supreme Court contenind violations of the fourth and fourteenth constitutional amendments. The Fourth amendment protects us against unreasonable search and seizures and that we are protected within our homes as well as the schools in which we attend and any other facility. The word reasonable has come into play through the course of arguments when arguing that forcing drug testing with no reasonable grounds went against this. With each case being different, the definition of reasonable also expands. The captain of a football team may be using as well as distributing and in this would lie reasonable cause for drug testing but the argument, as of 2000-2002, from yet another group challenging a school’s policy, is why should drug testing be enforced upon students when there is no reason visible per that student or group of students? But the Fourteenth amendment has also been cited; no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law and in forcing students to submit to drug testing simply because there is a policy allegedly violates this as suddenly they have been deprived of due process. So once again, another group of students have stepped forward, some outraged at the fact of a drug policy being implemented, not only for those who are athletes or in extra curricular activities but for all students, regardless of any exhibits or lack thereof of drug use and regardless of any known or unknown associations with any person who is thought to be a user. Simply, the case of Earls v. Board of Education of Tecumseh Public School District claimed a definitive violation against them stoutly claiming the fourth amendment. In favbor of the Earls case, the Drug Policy Alliance Network filed a brief regarding this case, also contesting mandatory drug screens for all students. It has been claimed that sports actually is haven for drug free children and thus a protection. According to experts from the â€Å"American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Education Association, the American Public Health Association, the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and several other prominent national organizations that thay all disagree with suspicionless drug testing of high school students engaged in extracurricular activities. † (http://www. drugpolicy. org/law/drugtesting/students/ 3rd paragraph). So with all of this, 10th Circuit held that the drug testing policy at issue violated students’ Fourth Amendment rights but in 2002 the Supreme Court reversed that decision and upheld that school’s policy and then the ACLU took notice of this case and along with other similar cases, is challenging these violations of the violated constitutional rights. While the ACLU and circuit courts strike down the policies of schools with regards to their drug testing policies, the Supreme Court and the National Drug Control agency are for it and each side is pushing forward to be heard. Now the landmark of all of this is the fact that the 10th Circuit Court ruled against the Board of Education, the Supreme Court then came along and ruled back in favor of the Board of Education and in the same month the Supreme Court ruled against the Board of Education. A Supreme Court ruling against each other in the same month, unheard of. Justice Ginsburg in a subtle fashion held the school responsible more for their lack of proper concern and reasons in which to hold every child in punishment form for something that only some have done. He claimed this disregard as if the tutelary responsibility was being taken a lot to far. To this day, this last decision has not been reversed. Any school intervention or other law enforcement intervention upon a student’s rights while at school must closely abide by the Vernonia, Oregon ruling of reasonableness. With these different factions going back and forth over what is quickly becoming an age old argument both sides have valid points but in the end it needs to be realized that drug testing students just because they can has proven to be of little to no use, not to mention a definite violation of legalities. Expert opinions of kids being driven away from sports due to this policy holds high validity. Where a child might be currently using, sports may also be the place that gets the child to stop using. In the end, regardless of testing, children will use and always have access to drugs should this be their decision and no school policy or court opinion will deter that. It hasn’t in hundreds of years and it isn’t about to start now. WORKS CITED BOARD OF ED. OF INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DIST. NO. 92 OF POTTAWATOMIE CTY. V. EARLS (01-332) 536 U. S. 822 (2002) 242 F. 3d 1264, reversed. June 27, 2002 . http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/01-332. ZD1. html NPR. Nina Totenburg. The Supreme Court and ‘Brown v. Board of Ed. Feb 6, 2009 http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=1537409 Drug Testing Students. Drug Policy Alliance Network. 2009. Http://www. drugpolicy. org/law/drugtesting/students/ Reasonline. com. The Supreme Court’s ruling on school drug testing will hurt public schools more than the one on vouchers. July 1, 2002. http://www. reason. com/news/show/32704. How to cite The Educational System Trying, Papers

A critic in every port food and water Essay Example For Students

A critic in every port: food and water Essay LONDON: Discovering the links between spiritual grace and grocery shopping; reliving Irelands sectarian violence in the company of a band of mummers; plunging waist-deep in 224 tons of water with Vietnamese puppeteers manipulating a water buffalo: This years London International Festival of Theatre (LIFT) offered something for everyone, as the biennial event has ever since its 1981 inception. New Yorkers were right to feel a particular pride, since three of the festivals most popular Events originated in Manhattan. The Wooster Group attracted nightly lines for return tickets with its multimedia deconstruction of Chekhov, Brace Up!, allowing Londoners a glimpse of lots of New York Attitude as well as film star Willem Dafoe returning to his stage roots in the role of Three Sisters violin-sawing kid brother Andrei. (Dafoes astonishing wig, hair parted on the side and shooting off into space, reminded more than one local observer of British actor Alex Jennings in Richard Joness legendary production of Too Clever by Half.) The productions hypnotic Vershinin, Ron Vawter, reappeared the following week to perform his no less riveting duet of solo monologues, Roy Cohn/Jack Smith, adding a special benefit performance to fund a local support group for women with AIDS. A film-star who has not of late returned to her roots, Sigourney Weaver, was on site at the Regents Park boating lake to cheer on husband Jim Simpsons production of Mac Wellmans Bad Penny. To this observer, Bad Penny offered the most entertaining impromptu theatre of the festival, whether in the musings of one heckler who had to be told sotto voce that he was watching a performance (unlike with most New Yorkers, that admonition seemed to do the trick of shutting him up) or in the umbrella-wielding chorus chanting incomprehensible while lunchtime passers-by clearly thought exactly that. (Wellman was represented as well by the funny, torrential monologue Terminal Hip.) If the in-your-face aggressions of Bad Penny seemed distinctly un-English, the boating lake provided the pleasantest possible counterpart to its original Central Park location; in either case, the site of the event was as exciting as the event itself. Certainly that was the feeling one blazing summer Sunday when the classical loggia of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, southeast London, found itself hosting both the Hanoi Water Puppets and a pageant of Vietnamese history, Sang Song Water Crossing. Oddly, neither popular attraction drew much of the Vietnamese community from around Greenwich the largest in Britain beyond the entrepreneurs who set up stalls to sell prawn toast, noodles and other indigenous dishes. The low Vietnamese turnout apparently reflected the divided country itself, as local refugees are thought to scorn official state representatives (which the Hanoi Water Puppets of course were seen to be). Still, anyone expecting an afternoon of veiled propaganda was in for a surprise. Boasting 10 puppeteers and 5 singer-musicians, the event provided an enchanting introduction to a technique that even in Vietnam is infinitely mysterious. (Company members must sign a contract agreeing not to give away the tricks of the trade.) Whether spitting water and fire or embarking upon a lovely phoenix dance, the puppets captivated a sellout crowd of 400, many of them children and all of them no doubt ready to jump into the pool once the show had ended. As for Sang Song, this re-enactment of Vietnams mythical beasts the dragon, unicorn, phoenix and golden turtletraced a journey from the Mekong to the Thames involving 200 children from 9 Greenwich schools. If the pageantry wore thin, the delight of the participants never didmany of them looked as though they were ready to embark upon a life in the theatre at the ripe old age of seven. .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .postImageUrl , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:hover , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:visited , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:active { border:0!important; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:active , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ways to stage old chestnut Hamlet by Aaron Beall EssayIn addition to the Vietnamese duo, Asia provided two other intriguing LIFT entries. The Chengdu Theatre of Sichuan had a small-scale (and little-seen) triumph in Ripples over Stagnant Water, which made history of sorts by being the first contemporary Chinese play ever to be seen in Britain; adapted by the director Zha Lifang from a novel by Sichuans most famous modern writer, Li Jieren, the play lived up to its billing as a Sichuan Madame Bovary, even if its depiction of erotic and geographical yearning seemed to honor Chekhov over Flaubert. And while LIFT 93 offered no staging of a classic to rival Hungarys landmark Katona Jozsef Three Sisters from 1989, Indian director Neelam Mansingh Chowdry shifted Lorcas fiery Yerma to her own country, mounting a production of earthy, often brutal lucidity spoken in Punjabi and yet accessible to everyone. In Chowdrys telling, Lorcas tragedy of misplaced love was an occasion for various images Peter Brook would no doubt appreciatea blood-stained sheet lifted at the climax to take the place of the expected physical encounter; Yerma covered in dry leaves standing under a burning rope; a chorus of ecstatic release linking the passions in Lorca, surprisingly but not ineptly, to those of Brian Friels Dancing at Lughnasa. Elsewhere, text itself mattered less than at this years LIFT than theatre pieces working by image and association. One eventGordon Stefanovskis timid and ponderous Sarajevo needed all the associations it could muster to measure up to the horrific daily newspaper chronicles of a soon-to-be-lost city under constant siege; if ever a play tied to current events was shown up by those very events, the hapless Sarajevo was it, and in context one could only feel sorry for the hardworking cast. In a class of its own and class is the operative word given the shows venue, a Regents College lecture hallwas How to Shop, the new performance piece from North London housewife and mother of two (her description) Bobby Baker. Indeed, Ms. Baker was big on self-definition, starting her show by making it completely plain that I am a woman. That she is, as well as an engaging mix of Penelope Keith and Rose English: at once cozily suburban and surreal. Her show is nominally a guide to supermarket shopping, complete with slides of the Croyden Co-op in South London; but food for Baker is merely a means to the end of achieving spiritual grace, and its no accident that the show ends with her hoisted aloft in a state of angelic exultation. (We are looking for more that just our groceries, she tells us helpfully. We are shopping for life in the deepest sense.) When How to Shop disappointed, which it sometimes did, the fault lay less in the made-on-the-spot garlic croutons (mine were soggy) than in a refusal to take the conceit even further. The shopping cart routines were fun but not fleshed out, and theres only so much mileage to be got out of meaningful stares at tinned anchovies. Whats needed is more of the abandon of Bakers best moments, whether via footage of her swimming bare-breasted in a pool of red wine or searching through the bread section for love. In the end, all links between parsley and humility aside, Baker constitutes her own best invention. No wonder it was among the more disconcerting moments in all of LIFT to enter a north London restaurant a mere hour or so after her lesson on food to find none other than Baker and her entourage having an animated dinner in one corner the angel, amazingly, was human after all.

Expecting the Unexpected free essay sample

Expecting the Unexpected Looking into a person’s personality there are surprises around every corner. I have learned to expect the unexpected when working on this assignment. I asked five friends to take the personality test, along with taking it myself, and the results did not turn out the way that I had expected. My friends, who I thought had an okay view on the world, really don’t think that it treats them fairly and the people who I thought were more aggressive than the rest scored lower than those who I thought to be less aggressive people. I also found myself a little surprised with how my scores turned out. Just when you think you have yourself figured out you learn something new. Though no matter what a piece of paper with a bunch of numbers on it tells you, how someone really acts cannot be deflected on a piece of paper. When setting up the game, it took a little bit of time to figure out how exactly to execute the game in a way that it would cover the vast verities of personalities that are spread among my group of friends. Sure, we have all played games together before, but not for the purpose of analyzing the way that my friends’ personalities fit into the way that they strategically play a game.So, I decided to take a normal card game, and add a twist to it. Phase 10 is a simple card game where the players go around in a circle and pick up and discard cards and the hope to complete the phase that is required before another player goes out. It is usually a game played with several individuals competing together, but instead, I broke my friends up into groups. Since there were 5 friends, one player had to play alone, leaving them at a disadvantage from the beginning. So I chose the friend who scored the highest in the assertive category, to test their true assertiveness.Each group received the same amount of cards as each other and played the game as usual. Though, the team who came in last had to choose another player to eliminate. If the single player was eliminated, the team who won would have to divide and play individually. Now, within the game there are skip cards, which allows a player to skip the next team, but what I allowed was the person who held the skip card could strategically skip which team they would like. This allows them to have some control of who has the ability to go out of cards first. I knew what I was going into this expecting, the assertive person would do what they needed to win, and the people who saw the world as unfair would surly rant and rave as they lose the game, the equalitarian would feel guilty causing another player to lose, and the person with the high introspective score would over analyze the game a little too much. I myself did not participate in the game. I did not want to skew the results, and boy am I glad that I did not play. The game started out as I had expected, but quickly the tables had turned.I might as well have thrown the personality test out the window, because when it came down to it, everyone was assertive. There was this competitive nature that came out in everyone and people where in the game to win it. I know that people do not like to lose, but it really surprised me how into the game people really had gotten. Usually when we play games together people are slightly competitive, but maybe it was because I was an outsider observing I had the chance to really see how things were.My friends who scored the lowest on the assertiveness section defiantly outshined the assertiveness of the friend who scored the highest. There wasn’t one person who thought of the game as treating them unfairly, or the world around them for that matter during the time the game was played. There were also people who I figured would over analyze the game and really think about everything that was going on and try to figure out others strategies, but that was not the case either.Everyone was so focused on winning that they paid more attention to what they needed to do, rather than focusing on what everyone else was doing. So, I knew that the personality test may have said one thing on paper, but it didn’t depict how my friends acted in this environment. What I did learn from the personality test is we rea lly do view ourselves a bit differently than other people do. It may not be that either is wrong, it is just that we have different views on how we perceive someone and ourselves.I am sure that if someone where observing me playing the game they would say that I did not act like I scored myself on the personality test. It is something that I would like to try one day. I think that it would be interesting to figure out how people view me as compared to how I view myself. I went into this not expecting that I would see my friends differently than they see themselves. Though, we all have different views on other things in the world, so I don’t know why I would think that we would not see each other differently than we see ourselves.Since the game already has pretty set rules, there wasn’t too much to the planning, other then tweaking a few of the strategies, like the groups and the ability to freely use the skip card. Though during that short period of time, everyone worked together as a team and agreed on the game rules. Everyone was laughing and having fun and looking forward to playing the game together. I could even tell before the game started that people were a little edgy and I could feel the competitive nature coming out.The only thing that changed once the game started, was as I mentioned before, the assertive traits in my friends really started to come out. It was actually a bit fun to watch. It was like watching people break out of their shells and expand their personalities. During this exercise I actually learned a few things about myself. I learned that I really don’t relate to people of certain personalities, but to people of very different personalities, well at least different personalities in accordance to how they view themselves. I was very pleased with the way that everyone played the game.It actually made it more interesting that people were so ready to go against each other and â€Å"fight† it out to be the winner. But I guess no one really likes to lose. As fair as I find myself and as not assertive as I think of myself, I know that I would have been right along with them playing in the exact manner that my friends were playing. I also learned different things about each of my friends. Like I have said, people didn’t really act the way that they scored themselves, and to be honest, on a piece of paper, I probably would have scored them the same way. But, when you get people together with their different personalities, and ask them to compete against each other, it is no surprise that peoples personalities change a bit. Yes, there is one friend that is extremely assertive and another friend who is the complete opposite, yet they played the game in the same manner. My â€Å"quiet† friend was no longer quiet. Yes, it is a bit surprising, and under normal circumstances I wouldn’t have expected it and still probably would not expect it. I guess this is what happens when you put someone into a situation that they are not used to being in.Which is understandable, most people playing a competitive game play to win. To make the game more cooperative I could have changed the rules and the scope of the game a little bit more. I would have had to determine a way to make it so that not just one person would win the game and another would lose the game. Technically, there is only one winner in the end and everyone else looses, but I could have made it to where the people who lost the game could have had a chance to redeem themselves and come back into the game.I could have incorporated new cards that we designed that would allow for free plays and a way you can skip a phase and move ahead if you hold certain cards, or where you digress if you hold another set of cards. It would have made the game more strategic and would have required more concentration. I am sure with more thought we as a team could have came up with a way to make the game last forever and never declare a winner or a looser. It would not be an easy task, but I am sure that with a lot work and thought it could be accomplished.When relating this game back to a business manner, it really depicts how gaining cooperation from people within a bu siness setting can be accomplished with a few key factors. You have to set up an environment that suits many different personalities, and that environment also has to be flexible to those personalities. You have to know that just because you may think that a person may act one way, it does not mean that if you need individuals in a business to work together, that they are going to act the same. Peoples’ personalities change depending on the situations that they are involved in.In a business, you need to have the input from different people to make things work. One person’s idea, may be enhanced by another person. There may also be another person who comes along with a better idea than the first two, but if you want cooperation from everyone, you have to compromise and meld the ideas, and not just go with one. Choosing just one side can cause conflict, but when you bring the ideas together, more people are willing to participate. Gaining cooperation from and uncooperative co-worker would be challenging, but I know that I would be able to manage the situation.The first thing that I would do is figure out why my co-worker was acting in such a manner. There must be an underlying issue that is causing them to be uncooperative. Once I know what the problem is, I would work on finding a solution. For example, if my co-worker refused to put in extra hours to complete a project while other were working above and beyond their hours, I would first talk to my co-worker and find out why. I would not approach them by telling them that the way they are acting is wrong, because I do not know the reasoning.So, let’s say that their reasoning is that they worked extra hours on the last project, where the majority of the others didn’t. So they do not think that it is fair that they are once again working late. From there I would find a way to compromise with them. I would find a way to make it to where they pitch in and help out but at the same time they don’t feel like they are being overworked once again. It is not to say this plan would be 100% effective, but it would be the approach that I would try.You never know how a person’s personality will change based on the situation and environment they are surrounded by. What someone thinks of themselves really may not be how others depict them. There is no wrong or right way to think about yourself and you have to know that just because you think one things of yourself, others may not think the same thing. A simple personality test may be a start, but really getting into a game can change a person. Bring on the competition and you never know what you are going to get.

Insanity in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Essay Example

Insanity in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Paper Famous actor, father, and husband, Eric McCormack once proclaimed, â€Å"Most people, if you live in a big city, you see some form of schizophrenia every day, and its always in the form of someone homeless. Look at that guy hes crazy. He looks dangerous. Well, hes on the streets because of mental illness. He probably had a job and a home.† Basically, what McCormack is saying is that schizophrenia is found all around us, is found in people from all different walks of life and no matter the circumstance, everyone shares the same form of saneness and equality in some how, in some way. In The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, the main character Gregor Samsa happens to have a severe case of schizophrenia. Evidently and as unanimous decision of many readers, Samsa’s case of mental illness is portrayed in the novel through his bizarre and surreal appearance as a mammoth cockroach. While a great deal of readers would concur that Gregor Samsa was truly insane and was not a giant, h uman-sized cockroach, some would say that Gregor actually did metamorphose into a cockroach. The idea that Gregor actually did mutate to an alien life form is insane can be rebutted through many counteraccusations, such as biological explanations, schizophrenic personalities, and the outcomes that come alongside destitute lifestyles. Firstly, readers on the side of biology would refute that Gregor did not actually mutate into a cockroach, as Gregor’s situation is a false accusation of mutation. Explicitly stated in the first paragraph of The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s metamorphosis takes place as follows: â€Å"When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin. He was lying on his back as hard as armor plate, and when he lifted his head a little, he saw his vaulted brown belly, sectioned by arch-shaped ribshis many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, were waving helpl We will write a custom essay sample on Insanity in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Insanity in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Insanity in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Water Fall essays

Water Fall essays System designing is not just about designing and developing a system, in order to undertake such a complex project comprising of analysts, programmers, testers and users, a project management approach needs to be determined. There are many approaches to the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is defined as the overall process of developing information systems through a multi-step process through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance, models such as, waterfall, fountain, spiral, build and fix, rapid prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. We will be adopting the waterfall model (see Figure 2) for the system that we are going to design. System usability will be considered during this process but methodologies of User Centred Design will be discussed later. The waterfall model is chosen because it include testing in almost every phase which will allows us to align and evaluate against users usability. Waterfall divides the project into well-defined sequential stages with intermediate milestones. The final system is not completed until all the phases are completed. 1) Project Planning and Feasibility Study Establishes a high-level view of the intended project and determines its goals. 2) Systems analysis and requirements Refines project goals into defined functions and operation of the intended application. Analyzes end-user information needs. 3) Systems design Describes desired features and operations in detail, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code and other documentation. 4) Implementation The real code is written here. 5) Integration and Testing - Brings all the pieces together into a special testing environment, then checks for errors, bugs and interoperability. 6) Acceptance, Installation and deployment - The final stage of initial development ...

Natural resource -Solar Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Natural resource -Solar Resource - Essay Example In their analysis of economics of pollution however, the authors note that pollution is a side effect of practices that provide the human race with good things. The profound consequences of industrial production result in air pollution and discharge of pollutants into rivers through the manufacture of fertilizers. Therefore, this essay examines and discusses the social costs and benefits of externalities especially pollution and explains how solar energy can give solution to harmful activities associated with extraction of natural resources. The question of how much pollution that should be allowed takes everyone back to the evaluation of marginal social cost of pollution and also the marginal social benefit of pollution. Krugman and Wells (2012), define marginal social cost of pollution as the extra cost placed on the society as a whole by each extra unit of pollution whereas the marginal social benefit is the additional advantage to the society as a result of pollution. Conventionally, pollution carries along an external cost and yields both marginal benefits and cost to the society and these benefits are influenced by the decisions of the owners of the companies who determine how much pollution should occur in absence of government intervention (Krugman & Wells, 2012). As noted in this chapter, environmental costs of pollution are the most popular and essential example of external costs, which are usually uncompensated costs imposed on other people by individuals or firms. In the process of extracting natural resourc es, industries emit and also discharge harmful substances into the environment whose implications jeopardize human welfare. In order to minimize the effects of production, alternative sources of energy such as solar energy resource that are eco-friendly and sustainable can be opted. Since the sunshine is usually in abundance and free, solar energy can be the best alternative source of

Campaign financing is protected under the First Amendment and is a Essay

Campaign financing is protected under the First Amendment and is a form of free speech - Essay Example The sources include bodies like companies in the possession of the state or those that are independently held. The event of funding campaigns comprises of variant views from scholars. There are people who support the actions whereas others refute this idea. Funding campaigns is an exceedingly freewill to corporations and entities (Hudson, 2011). This has explanations in the idea that corporations have contractual capacities. This explains that they can create agreements. This essay seeks to explore the arguments supporting financing of campaigns and oppositions of this argument. One reason why corporations can lend funds is that they have rights. This means that they entail rights similar to those of a person. Therefore, corporations can lend money to any persons that they please. For instance, funding money is an aspect of people. This depicts that a corporate can lawfully offer funds to campaigns. This explains that the corporate entail right to operate without intimidation from ru le enforcers. Therefore, corporations possess possible capabilities to fund campaigns (Saad, 2010). Companies presume the position of people that own rights. This is firm reason for enabling corporations to finance campaigns. Apart from the idea that entities can fund other partnerships, they also entail the power to own wealth. This shows the truth aligned with acting of corporations. The first Amendment entails the facts that corporations can space for speech. One of the ways that it can express this freedom is concerning the way it handles decisions. The amendment offers that corporations can strategize their plans without counteractions. Therefore, companies have the power to execute their decisions without facing objections (Smith, 2007). This ensures that his or her actions have no one to outlaw. Bodies executing law ought to let companies perform their missions without interruption. The first amendment explains that companies entail the space to decide on their bill. This ens ures that their funds have no second deciders. This is a result of the first amendment. Therefore, the corporations can act without feeling exploited by the authorities. This gives companies a leeway to decide on the places to invest their capital. Corporations depict the idea that their funds become exploited according to their decisions. The requirements of law ensure that everything corporations have contractual power (Kerch, 2003). Therefore, campaigns can source resources from corporations. The other reason for insisting on the financing of campaigns is the idea that they require the finances to function. This is explains that campaigns entail hefty capital that has to be solicited. These funds help many political bodies strategize their missions. This explains that the bodies entail to achieve what they perceive best for the entities. The other thing is that the entities have to ensure that they perform their decisions according to the provision in the amendment act. Campaigns necessitate finances so that they can be captivating moving in their actions. Another reason is the fact that corporations entail heavy capital. This explains reasons why campaigns solicit finances from them. This is because campaigns require heavy capital in executing their convincing. This is something entailing investing of high amounts of funds. Campaigns require sufficient finances that come from stable bodies like corporations. Small entities cannot avail ample resources to run campaigns. Therefore, ample funds emanate from able bodies like corporations. Therefore, companies have the power of deciding whether to help campaigners. This is a requirement of the act that companies follow their rightful decisions. The other fact is