Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval...

1. Functions of a Database Management System Database Management System (DBMS) Information Retrieval System (IRS) †¢ Storage, Access And Provide DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database. †¢ Acquisition of the necessary and appropriate documents. †¢ Provide Free Catalog DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed by users. †¢ Preparation and representation of the content of those in documents. †¢ Supports Transactions The transaction is a unit of work that contains several commands up-date the data. †¢ Coding of the content indicators. †¢ Concurrency control Database Management System (DBMS) to ensure accurate updated database correctly if many users update the database simultaneously. †¢ Organized storage of those documents and their indicators in separate files. †¢ Recovery From Failure System Database Management System (DBMS) provides facilities to restore the database in the event of damage †¢ Development of operational search strategies. †¢ Authorization Services The facility is to ensure that the right people are allowed to achieve its data. †¢ Physical dissemination of the retrieval result. †¢ Utility Services Facilities for maintaining databases through data editing, deletion of records, build new files and so on. †¢ Integrity Services Change data must follow the constraints or conditions that have been determined. This facility is to maintain data consistency. 2. 0 Differences betweenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1102 Words   |  5 Pages1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS) DBMS offer advance Data Modelling Facility (DMF) including Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language for modelling and manipulating data. IRS do not offer an advance DMF. Usually data modelling in IRS is restricted to classification of objects. Data Definition Language of DBMS is the capability to define the data integrity constraintsRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1117 Words   |  5 PagesBETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES 2. HIGHLIGHT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 3. MAKE APPROPRIATE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS/COMPONENTS OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 4. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA. GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH. 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDICES â€Æ' 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1527 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer: What is database management system? Database Management System is a database program. The DBMS manage incoming data, organize it, and provided ways for the data to be modified or extract by users or other programs. This cause, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases. For example, commonRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or queryRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval Systems766 Words   |  3 Pages1. Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. (up to one page) [30 % marks] Database Management System A Database management system (DBMS) main software that handles the storage, retrieval, and updating in a computer system. DBMS performs a few important functions that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database. The first function is security, which components that restrict accessRead MoreDatabase Mangement and Retrieval System1425 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Database Management System (as known as DBMS) is a set of application that enable user to create, edit, update, store and retrieve data from database files. By using DBMS, data in a database can be added, deleted, changed, sorted and searched. DBMSs are usually used to manage employee information of a big company, customer information and stock information. By using the DBMS,Read MoreMultimedia Big Data Management Processing And Analysis1269 Words   |  6 PagesBIG DATA MANAGEMENT PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS After categorizing multimedia big data, the next important phase in the data management cycle is its processing and analysis. So far, the possible types, sources and perspectives of multimedia big data have been highlighted; but this is only the first of the necessary stages in big data management. Generally, the stages involved in big data processing and analysis include data acquisition, data extraction, data representation, modeling, analysis and interpretationRead MoreDigital Images Requires Improved Methods For Sorting, Browsing And Searching Through Ever Growing Image Database1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital images requires improved methods for sorting, browsing and searching through ever-growing image databases. CBIR systems are search engines for image databases, which index images according to their content. This paper presents the systematic review for CBIR systems specific to the feature extraction techniques and compares the performance and features along with limitations. Keywords: CBIR System, Image Feature Extraction, Similarity Measurement I. Introduction The advancement in computer technologiesRead MoreInformation Technology And The Business Model1517 Words   |  7 PagesEBay uses information technology to perform and operate its business model. EBay was very successful in using information technology in its business model as an online retailer. Information technology is a terminology where computers and telecommunication equipments are being used to store, retrieve, and transfer data. Being said, eBay, who operates an online auctioning and retailing industry, uses information technology to achieve its business goal in customer relationship management, communicationRead MoreDbms Function978 Words   |  4 Pages1. While users were updating the Premiere Products database, one of the transactions was interrupted. You need to explain to management what steps the DBMS will take to correct the database. Using the sample log in Figure 7-1 1, list and describe the updates that the DBMS will roll back if transaction 2 is interrupted at 8: 10. In transaction 2, the DBMS started it at 8:01, added an Orders table record at 8:02, and added an Order Line table record at8:05 and added an Order Line table record at 8:09 Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval... 1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS) DBMS offer advance Data Modelling Facility (DMF) including Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language for modelling and manipulating data. IRS do not offer an advance DMF. Usually data modelling in IRS is restricted to classification of objects. Data Definition Language of DBMS is the capability to define the data integrity constraints. In IRS such validation mechanisms are less developed. DBMS provides precise semantics. IRS most of the time provides imprecise semantics. DBMS has structured data format. IRS is characterised by unstructured data format. Query specification is†¦show more content†¦3.1 COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM Diagram above shown the components of an information retrieval system. There are three components which is input, processor and output. Starting with the input, when the retrieval system is online, it is possible for the user to change his request during one search session in the light of a sample retrieval, thereby it is hoped that improving the subsequent retrieval run. Such a procedure is commonly referred to as feedback. The processor the part that retrieval system concerned with the retrieval process. The process may involve structuring the information in some appropriate way. It will also involve performing the actual retrieval function which is executing the search strategy in response to a query. In the diagram, the documents have been placed in a separate box to emphasis the fact that they are not just input but can be used during retrieval process. Finally come to the output which is usually a set of citations or document number. 4. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA 4.1 STRUCTURED DATA The structured data means data that could be identified because it is organised in a structure. The standard form of structured data is a database where particular information is stored based on a methods of columns and rows. Structured data also can be look up by data type within content. Structured data is understood by computers and is also efficientlyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1117 Words   |  5 PagesBETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES 2. HIGHLIGHT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 3. MAKE APPROPRIATE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS/COMPONENTS OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 4. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA. GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH. 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDICES â€Æ' 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1527 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer: What is database management system? Database Management System is a database program. The DBMS manage incoming data, organize it, and provided ways for the data to be modified or extract by users or other programs. This cause, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases. For example, commonRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems992 Words   |  4 Pages1. Functions of a Database Management System Database Management System (DBMS) Information Retrieval System (IRS) †¢ Storage, Access And Provide DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database. †¢ Acquisition of the necessary and appropriate documents. †¢ Provide Free Catalog DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed by users. †¢ Preparation and representation of the content of those in documents. †¢ Supports TransactionsRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or queryRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval Systems766 Words   |  3 Pages1. Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. (up to one page) [30 % marks] Database Management System A Database management system (DBMS) main software that handles the storage, retrieval, and updating in a computer system. DBMS performs a few important functions that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database. The first function is security, which components that restrict accessRead MoreDatabase Mangement and Retrieval System1425 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Database Management System (as known as DBMS) is a set of application that enable user to create, edit, update, store and retrieve data from database files. By using DBMS, data in a database can be added, deleted, changed, sorted and searched. DBMSs are usually used to manage employee information of a big company, customer information and stock information. By using the DBMS,Read MoreMultimedia Big Data Management Processing And Analysis1269 Words   |  6 PagesBIG DATA MANAGEMENT PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS After categorizing multimedia big data, the next important phase in the data management cycle is its processing and analysis. So far, the possible types, sources and perspectives of multimedia big data have been highlighted; but this is only the first of the necessary stages in big data management. Generally, the stages involved in big data processing and analysis include data acquisition, data extraction, data representation, modeling, analysis and interpretationRead MoreDigital Images Requires Improved Methods For Sorting, Browsing And Searching Through Ever Growing Image Database1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital images requires improved methods for sorting, browsing and searching through ever-growing image databases. CBIR systems are search engines for image databases, which index images according to their content. This paper presents the systematic review for CBIR systems specific to the feature extraction techniques and compares the performance and features along with limitations. Keywords: CBIR System, Image Feature Extraction, Similarity Measurement I. Introduction The advancement in computer technologiesRead MoreInformation Technology And The Business Model1517 Words   |  7 PagesEBay uses information technology to perform and operate its business model. EBay was very successful in using information technology in its business model as an online retailer. Information technology is a terminology where computers and telecommunication equipments are being used to store, retrieve, and transfer data. Being said, eBay, who operates an online auctioning and retailing industry, uses information technology to achieve its business goal in customer relationship management, communicationRead MoreDbms Function978 Words   |  4 Pages1. While users were updating the Premiere Products database, one of the transactions was interrupted. You need to explain to management what steps the DBMS will take to correct the database. Using the sample log in Figure 7-1 1, list and describe the updates that the DBMS will roll back if transaction 2 is interrupted at 8: 10. In transaction 2, the DBMS started it at 8:01, added an Orders table record at 8:02, and added an Order Line table record at8:05 and added an Order Line table record at 8:09 Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval... Table of Contents 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES 2. HIGHLIGHT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 3. MAKE APPROPRIATE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS/COMPONENTS OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 4. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA. GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH. 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDICES 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES The computer programs within software parcel which in a database, it controlling the administration; storing and recover back the data (fields, records and files),†¦show more content†¦The difference of function between DBMS and IRS is shown at table below:- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS) Data Security With this function, the DBMS able to secure the user security and data privacy within the database by determine the user access right – prevent unauthorized user from access and update the database, for example, by using password, only the authorized user allowed to access the database or update the database. A range of entities that stored within the database are attach with access control list which usually specify the group of user that can access and update the entities. An appropriate security control needed so that when user access and sharing the database with the data at different sensitivity level without violating the security. Data Integrity This function is reducing the problem of data integrity such as minimize the data redundancy – same data are stored in more than one place within the database without purpose, and maximize the consistency of data – make sure that the user are retrieve the correct/same data or answer when the same question/task being ask. The DBMS can also ensure that only one user can update the data at one time. With this function, IRS able to analyze the queries from user and then characterize the item in the form that matching the database. Interactive Query The most common queryShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1102 Words   |  5 Pages1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS) DBMS offer advance Data Modelling Facility (DMF) including Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language for modelling and manipulating data. IRS do not offer an advance DMF. Usually data modelling in IRS is restricted to classification of objects. Data Definition Language of DBMS is the capability to define the data integrity constraintsRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1527 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer: What is database management system? Database Management System is a database program. The DBMS manage incoming data, organize it, and provided ways for the data to be modified or extract by users or other programs. This cause, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases. For example, commonRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems992 Words   |  4 Pages1. Functions of a Database Management System Database Management System (DBMS) Information Retrieval System (IRS) †¢ Storage, Access And Provide DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database. †¢ Acquisition of the necessary and appropriate documents. †¢ Provide Free Catalog DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed by users. †¢ Preparation and representation of the content of those in documents. †¢ Supports TransactionsRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or queryRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval Systems766 Words   |  3 Pages1. Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. (up to one page) [30 % marks] Database Management System A Database management system (DBMS) main software that handles the storage, retrieval, and updating in a computer system. DBMS performs a few important functions that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database. The first function is security, which components that restrict accessRead MoreDatabase Mangement and Retrieval System1425 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Database Management System (as known as DBMS) is a set of application that enable user to create, edit, update, store and retrieve data from database files. By using DBMS, data in a database can be added, deleted, changed, sorted and searched. DBMSs are usually used to manage employee information of a big company, customer information and stock information. By using the DBMS,Read MoreMultimedia Big Data Management Processing And Analysis1269 Words   |  6 PagesBIG DATA MANAGEMENT PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS After categorizing multimedia big data, the next important phase in the data management cycle is its processing and analysis. So far, the possible types, sources and perspectives of multimedia big data have been highlighted; but this is only the first of the necessary stages in big data management. Generally, the stages involved in big data processing and analysis include data acquisition, data extraction, data representation, modeling, analysis and interpretationRead MoreDigital Images Requires Improved Methods For Sorting, Browsing And Searching Through Ever Growing Image Database1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital images requires improved methods for sorting, browsing and searching through ever-growing image databases. CBIR systems are search engines for image databases, which index images according to their content. This paper presents the systematic review for CBIR systems specific to the feature extraction techniques and compares the performance and features along with limitations. Keywords: CBIR System, Image Feature Extraction, Similarity Measurement I. Introduction The advancement in computer technologiesRead MoreInformation Technology And The Business Model1517 Words   |  7 PagesEBay uses information technology to perform and operate its business model. EBay was very successful in using information technology in its business model as an online retailer. Information technology is a terminology where computers and telecommunication equipments are being used to store, retrieve, and transfer data. Being said, eBay, who operates an online auctioning and retailing industry, uses information technology to achieve its business goal in customer relationship management, communicationRead MoreDbms Function978 Words   |  4 Pages1. While users were updating the Premiere Products database, one of the transactions was interrupted. You need to explain to management what steps the DBMS will take to correct the database. Using the sample log in Figure 7-1 1, list and describe the updates that the DBMS will roll back if transaction 2 is interrupted at 8: 10. In transaction 2, the DBMS started it at 8:01, added an Orders table record at 8:02, and added an Order Line table record at8:05 and added an Order Line table record at 8:09

African-American History Timeline 1700 - 1799

Here is a timeline of African-American history in the 18th Century. The 1700s 170​2:   The New York Assembly passes a law making it illegal for enslaved African-Americans to testify against whites. The law also prohibits slaves from gathering in groups larger than three in public.   1704:   Elias Neau, a French colonist, establishes a school for freed and enslaved African-Americans in New York City.   1​705:   The Colonial Virginia Assembly determines that servants who are brought into the colony who were not Christians in their original place of origin should be considered slaves. The law also applies to Native Americans who were sold to colonists by other Native American tribes.   1708:   South Carolina becomes the first English colony with an African-American majority.   1711:   A Pennsylvania law outlawing enslavement is overturned by Queen Anne of Great Britain.   A public slave market opens in New York City near Wall Street.   1712:   On April 6, the New York City slave revolt begins. An estimated nine white colonists and countless African-Americans died during the incident. As a result, an estimated 21 enslaved African-Americans are hung and six committed suicide.   New York City establishes a law preventing freed African-Americans from inheriting land.   1713:   England has a monopoly on transporting  captured Africans to Spanish colonies in the Americas.   1716:   Enslaved Africans are brought to present-day Louisiana.   1718:   The French establish the town of  New Orleans. Within three years there are more enslaved African-American men than free white men residing in the city.   1721:   South Carolina passes a law limiting the right to vote to white Christian men.   1724: A curfew is established in Boston for non-whites.   The Code Noir  is created by the French colonial government. The purpose of the Code Noir is to have a set of laws for enslaved and freed blacks in Louisiana.   1727:   A revolt breaks out in Middlesex and Gloucester Counties in Virginia. The revolt is started by enslaved African and Native Americans.   1735:   Laws are established in South Carolina requiring slaves to wear specific clothes. Freed African-Americans must leave the colony within six months or be re-enslaved.   1737:   Following the death of his owner, an African indentured servant appeals to a Massachusetts Court and is granted his freedom.   1738:   Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose (Fort Mose) is established in present-day Florida by fugitive slaves. This will be considered the first permanent African-American settlement.   1739:   The Stono Rebellion  takes place on September 9. It is the first major slave revolt in South Carolina. An estimated forty whites and 80 African-Americans are killed during the revolt.   1741:   An estimated 34 people are killed for their participation  in the New York Slave Conspiracy. Out of the 34, 13 African-American men are burned at the stake; 17 black men, two white men, and two white women are hung. Also, 70 African-Americans and seven whites are expelled from New York City.   1741: South Carolina bans teaching enslaved African-Americans to read and write. The ordinance also makes it illegal for enslaved people to meet in groups or earn money. Also, slave owners are allowed to kill their slaves.   1746: Lucy Terry Prince  composes the poem,  Bars Fight.  For almost one hundred years the poem is passed down through generations in the oral tradition. In 1855, it was published.   1750:   The first free school for African-American children in the colonies is opened in Philadelphia by Quaker Anthony Benezet.   1752:   Benjamin Banneker  creates one of the first clocks in the colonies.   1758:   The first known African-American church in North America is founded on the plantation of William Byrd in Mecklenburg, Va. It is called the African Baptist or Bluestone Church.   1760:   The first slave narrative  is published by Briton Hammon. The text is entitled  A Narrative of the Uncommon Sufferings and Surprising Deliverance of Briton Hammon.   1761:   Jupiter Hammon publishes the first collection of poetry by an African-American.   1762:   Voting rights are restricted to white men in the colony of Virginia.   1770:   Crispus Attucks, a freed African-American, is the first resident of the British American colonies to be killed in the American Revolution.   1773:   Phillis Wheatley publishes  Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral.  Wheatleys books are considered the first to be written by an African-American woman.   Silver Bluff Baptist Church is founded near Savanah, Ga.   1774:   Enslaved African-Americans appeal to the Massachusetts General Court arguing that they have a natural right to their freedom.   1775:   General George Washington begins to allow enslaved and freed African-American men to enlist in the  army to fight against the British. As a result, five thousand African-American men serve in the American Revolutionary War.   African-Americans begin participating in the American Revolution, fighting for the Patriots. Most notably, Peter Salem fought at the Battle of Concord and Salem Poor at the Battle of Bunker.   The Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully held in Bondage begins hosting meetings in Philadelphia on April 14. This is considered the first meeting of abolitionists.   Lord Dunmore declares that any enslaved African-Americans fighting for the British Flag will be freed.   1776:   An estimated 100,000 enslaved African-American men and women escape their masters during the Revolutionary War.   1777: Vermont abolishes enslavement.   1778:   Paul Cuffee and his brother, John, refuse to pay taxes, arguing that since African-Americans cannot vote and arent represented in the legislative process, they should not have to be taxed.   The 1st Rhode Island Regiment is established and is comprised of freed and enslaved African-American men. It is the first and only African-American military unit to fight for the Patriots.   1780:   Enslavement is abolished in Massachusetts. African-American men are also granted the right to vote.   The first cultural organization established by African-Americans is established. It is called the Free African Union Society and is located in Rhode Island.   Pennsylvania adopts the gradual emancipation law. The law proclaims that all children born after Nov. 1, 1780, will be freed on their 28th birthday.   1784:   Connecticut and Rhode Island follow Pennsylvanias suit, adopting gradual emancipation laws.   The New York African Society is established by freed African-Americans in New York City.   Prince Hall founds the first African-American Masonic lodge in the United States.   1785: New York frees all enslaved African-American men who served in the Revolutionary War.   The New York Society for the Promoting of the Manumission of Slaves is established by John Jay and Alexander Hamilton.   1787:   The U.S. Constitution is drafted. It allows the slave trade to continue for the next 20 years. In addition, it proclaims that slaves count as three-fifths of a man for determining population in the House of Representation.   The African Free School is established in New York City. Men such as Henry Highland Garnett and Alexander Crummell are educated at the institution.   Richard Allen  and Absalom  Jones  found the Free African Society in Philadelphia.   1790:   The Brown Fellowship Society is established by freed African-Americans in Charleston.   1791:   Banneker assists in surveying the federal district that will one day become the District of Columbia.   1792: Bannekers  Almanac  is published in Philadelphia. The text is the first book of science published by an African-American.   1793:   The first Fugitive Slave Law is established by U.S. Congress. It is now considered a criminal offense to help an escaped slave.   The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney is patented in March. The cotton gin assists in the boost to the economy and slave trade throughout the South.   1794:   Mother Bethel AME Church is founded by Richard Allen in Philadelphia.   New York also adopts a gradual emancipation law, abolishing slavery entirely in 1827.   1795:   Bowdoin College is established in Maine. It will become a major center of abolitionist activity.   1796:   The African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) is organized in Philadelphia on August 23.   1798:   Joshua Johnston  is the first African-American visual artist to gain popularity in the United States.   Venture Smiths  A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, Native of Africa but Resident Above Sixty Years in the United States of America  is the first narrative written by an African-American. Previous narratives were dictated to white abolitionists.

Summary of Death of a Salesman Play by Arthur Miller Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Wily is often arguing that despite being a successful salesman, he has nothing concrete to leave behind to his family. Such statements reflect the growing disillusionment of Willy with his life but he averse to acknowledge the same because he is afraid of losing the respect of the people and his family members and friends. In one of reviews in The New York Times , Brooks Atkinson, asserted that through the play Miller has looked with compassion into the hearts of some ordinary Americans and quietly transferred their hope and anguish to the theatre (Atkinson, 11 Feb 1949). All through the play, Miller has shown that the illusions of Willy are important factors that help him to hide his failures, both as a salesman and as a person and which make it easy for him to move on in a world that is ruthless and highly competitive. Willy is obsessed with American dream that want Americans to pursue their ambitions and become successful. Willy thus develops images of sons as highly successful persons, especially of his younger son Biff and starts having unrealistic expectations from them. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Death of a Salesman Play by Arthur Miller or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The twisted ideologies and inconsistent behaviour of Willy send conflicting signals to his sons, right from their childhood which influences their character and probably becomes responsible for their failures in life later on. Willy, while praising his son Biff s skill as a football player, inadvertently approves stealing because he does not scolds Biff when he brings the ball from the school without his teacher s permission.

The Randomized Trial Of Function- Based Cognitive...

In the study â€Å"Preliminary Randomized Trial of Function- Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Treat Obsessive Compulsive Behavior in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder† by the Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities journal, groups of eight to twelve-year-old children with high functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder are assessed. All of these children, in addition to the diagnosis of autism, exhibit the challenging behavior of obsessive compulsions, also known as OCB. Although none of the children have an Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder diagnosis, they exhibit many of the behaviors, and it often interferes with learning. There is little research about effective intervention strategies for OCB. In this study, in a preliminary trial, function-based cognitive-behavior therapy (Fb-CBT) consisting of psychoeducation and mapping, cognitive-behavioral skills training, exposure, and response prevention, as well as function-based behavioral assessment, is used to comb at the challenging behaviors of OCB. The results of the study indicated that the challenging behaviors decreased with these intervention strategies. A functional behavior assessment involves determining why a student is exhibiting challenging behaviors. A function-based approach would draw information from several sources to develop this hypothesis. Cognitive-behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy that helps to redirect unhelpful thinking and to change behavior. Therefore, a function-basedShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Health Care For The Safest Treatment Of Patients Essay1852 Words   |  8 Pagesevidence-based practice. 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One aspect of ABBT protocol is psychoeducation regarding the acceptance-based model: teaching individuals how worry serves as a strategy for avoiding more distressing internal experiences and about the more general roles of emotions in order to alterRead MoreDifference Of Initial Treatment Options For Anorexia Nervosa1786 Words   |  8 Pagesnew treatments are being researched every day. Re-feeding is known to be the cornerstone, initial treatment. However, the specifics of treatment are not currently def ined. Most therapeutic programs resort to a multidisciplinary treatment approach based off of clinical judgment and expertise. Treatment for anorexia nervosa is an ongoing challenge due to feeding complications and extremely high relapse rates. Future research is necessary to establish a gold standard initial treatment plan for anorexiaRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Assessment1418 Words   |  6 Pagesown mind. He also admits that he cannot control these thoughts that come about randomly. Whether or not the patient has existing personality or developmental disorders is unknown. The patient does seem to have normal interpersonal relationships based on the information given. Bill does not have any known physical or medical conditions that may have influenced the above mentioned diagnosis. I believe that this diagnosis describes the patient enough that no other diagnosis can be assigned that accuratelyRead MoreGeneral Anxiety Disorders and Treatments Thereof1914 Words   |  8 Pages2011). Multiple treatment options are offered for people with GAD. Every psychologist’s goal is to find the treatment option that best suits the patient and will help them more in the long run. Treatments for this disorder comprise of cognitive behavioral therapy, pregabalin (a prescribed drug), antidepressants, and other psychological treatments. 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Anger is the central role in the onset of persistent depression. (Sahu, Gupta, 2014), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in anger management is the regulation of anger and then with the acquisition of skills would involve more adaptive alternatives to provocation. (Sahu, Gupta, 2014) When there is stress in the life of a caregiver who is caring forRead MoreEvidence-Based Treatments for Childhood Depression3114 Words   |  13 PagesEvidence-Based Treatments for Childhood Depression Abstract This paper discusses various published articles and literature that report on results from research conducted on the effectiveness of various approaches in treating childhood depression. The articles vary in their topics and strategies. This paper will examine each article and focus on treatments that have been proven to improve the symptoms of childhood depression. Methods Through extensive research on treatments of childhood depressionRead MoreDepression Treatments1690 Words   |  7 Pageset al. (2013) in Italy only 50% of the people who suffer from depression seek treatment. There is abundance of different depression treatments that can be put into four broad categories: pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, relation-focused, cognitive behaviour therapy [CBT] and self-help. When the depression treatments just emerged there was a lot of research into responsive and non-responsive patients. It was believed that the type of treatment should be chosen accordingly with the type of patient (McLeanRead MoreGroup Parent Child Interaction Therapy1510 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Study #2: Group Parent–Child Interaction Therapy Citation: Niec, L. N., Barnett, M. L., Prewett, M. S., Shanley Chatham, J. R. (2016). Group parent–child interaction therapy: A randomized control trial for the treatment of conduct problems in young children. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 84(8), 682-698. 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The Educational System Trying Free Essays

Is the guarantee of safety of others a compelling reason in which to form and maintain policies that make all school aged athletes or anyone who is involved in school based extra curricular activities subject to a mandatory drug screening or does this become a violation of constitutional rights? Can it be said that those in a choir or band recital pose just as much threat as those in vigorous sports and if so what kind of dangers do these people emit? Just how far can schools go in their policies befire they become shut down indefinitely when it comes to making policies â€Å"For the greater good? † It all started in 1995 when an Oregon school won their case in which they chose to make all athletes be drug tested. In an outcry the students filed suit and in the end it was the school who prevailed. Since then more and more schools are adopting or have done so or at least trying to adopt that same policy, many have succeeded with little to no issue while others have acted as the Acton family did in the Oregon case. We will write a custom essay sample on The Educational System Trying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schools claim that in having a drug testing policy for athletes that this will help allay future endangerments and promote a healthier stance not only with the athletes but with the other students as well. Furthermore, the Oreogn school won their case for only those who are involved in athletics, not those that are involved in other extra curricular activities such as band or choir. The case in Oregon made in to the Supreme Court contenind violations of the fourth and fourteenth constitutional amendments. The Fourth amendment protects us against unreasonable search and seizures and that we are protected within our homes as well as the schools in which we attend and any other facility. The word reasonable has come into play through the course of arguments when arguing that forcing drug testing with no reasonable grounds went against this. With each case being different, the definition of reasonable also expands. The captain of a football team may be using as well as distributing and in this would lie reasonable cause for drug testing but the argument, as of 2000-2002, from yet another group challenging a school’s policy, is why should drug testing be enforced upon students when there is no reason visible per that student or group of students? But the Fourteenth amendment has also been cited; no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law and in forcing students to submit to drug testing simply because there is a policy allegedly violates this as suddenly they have been deprived of due process. So once again, another group of students have stepped forward, some outraged at the fact of a drug policy being implemented, not only for those who are athletes or in extra curricular activities but for all students, regardless of any exhibits or lack thereof of drug use and regardless of any known or unknown associations with any person who is thought to be a user. Simply, the case of Earls v. Board of Education of Tecumseh Public School District claimed a definitive violation against them stoutly claiming the fourth amendment. In favbor of the Earls case, the Drug Policy Alliance Network filed a brief regarding this case, also contesting mandatory drug screens for all students. It has been claimed that sports actually is haven for drug free children and thus a protection. According to experts from the â€Å"American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Education Association, the American Public Health Association, the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and several other prominent national organizations that thay all disagree with suspicionless drug testing of high school students engaged in extracurricular activities. † (http://www. drugpolicy. org/law/drugtesting/students/ 3rd paragraph). So with all of this, 10th Circuit held that the drug testing policy at issue violated students’ Fourth Amendment rights but in 2002 the Supreme Court reversed that decision and upheld that school’s policy and then the ACLU took notice of this case and along with other similar cases, is challenging these violations of the violated constitutional rights. While the ACLU and circuit courts strike down the policies of schools with regards to their drug testing policies, the Supreme Court and the National Drug Control agency are for it and each side is pushing forward to be heard. Now the landmark of all of this is the fact that the 10th Circuit Court ruled against the Board of Education, the Supreme Court then came along and ruled back in favor of the Board of Education and in the same month the Supreme Court ruled against the Board of Education. A Supreme Court ruling against each other in the same month, unheard of. Justice Ginsburg in a subtle fashion held the school responsible more for their lack of proper concern and reasons in which to hold every child in punishment form for something that only some have done. He claimed this disregard as if the tutelary responsibility was being taken a lot to far. To this day, this last decision has not been reversed. Any school intervention or other law enforcement intervention upon a student’s rights while at school must closely abide by the Vernonia, Oregon ruling of reasonableness. With these different factions going back and forth over what is quickly becoming an age old argument both sides have valid points but in the end it needs to be realized that drug testing students just because they can has proven to be of little to no use, not to mention a definite violation of legalities. Expert opinions of kids being driven away from sports due to this policy holds high validity. Where a child might be currently using, sports may also be the place that gets the child to stop using. In the end, regardless of testing, children will use and always have access to drugs should this be their decision and no school policy or court opinion will deter that. It hasn’t in hundreds of years and it isn’t about to start now. WORKS CITED BOARD OF ED. OF INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DIST. NO. 92 OF POTTAWATOMIE CTY. V. EARLS (01-332) 536 U. S. 822 (2002) 242 F. 3d 1264, reversed. June 27, 2002 . http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/01-332. ZD1. html NPR. Nina Totenburg. The Supreme Court and ‘Brown v. Board of Ed. Feb 6, 2009 http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=1537409 Drug Testing Students. Drug Policy Alliance Network. 2009. Http://www. drugpolicy. org/law/drugtesting/students/ Reasonline. com. The Supreme Court’s ruling on school drug testing will hurt public schools more than the one on vouchers. July 1, 2002. http://www. reason. com/news/show/32704. How to cite The Educational System Trying, Papers

A critic in every port food and water Essay Example For Students

A critic in every port: food and water Essay LONDON: Discovering the links between spiritual grace and grocery shopping; reliving Irelands sectarian violence in the company of a band of mummers; plunging waist-deep in 224 tons of water with Vietnamese puppeteers manipulating a water buffalo: This years London International Festival of Theatre (LIFT) offered something for everyone, as the biennial event has ever since its 1981 inception. New Yorkers were right to feel a particular pride, since three of the festivals most popular Events originated in Manhattan. The Wooster Group attracted nightly lines for return tickets with its multimedia deconstruction of Chekhov, Brace Up!, allowing Londoners a glimpse of lots of New York Attitude as well as film star Willem Dafoe returning to his stage roots in the role of Three Sisters violin-sawing kid brother Andrei. (Dafoes astonishing wig, hair parted on the side and shooting off into space, reminded more than one local observer of British actor Alex Jennings in Richard Joness legendary production of Too Clever by Half.) The productions hypnotic Vershinin, Ron Vawter, reappeared the following week to perform his no less riveting duet of solo monologues, Roy Cohn/Jack Smith, adding a special benefit performance to fund a local support group for women with AIDS. A film-star who has not of late returned to her roots, Sigourney Weaver, was on site at the Regents Park boating lake to cheer on husband Jim Simpsons production of Mac Wellmans Bad Penny. To this observer, Bad Penny offered the most entertaining impromptu theatre of the festival, whether in the musings of one heckler who had to be told sotto voce that he was watching a performance (unlike with most New Yorkers, that admonition seemed to do the trick of shutting him up) or in the umbrella-wielding chorus chanting incomprehensible while lunchtime passers-by clearly thought exactly that. (Wellman was represented as well by the funny, torrential monologue Terminal Hip.) If the in-your-face aggressions of Bad Penny seemed distinctly un-English, the boating lake provided the pleasantest possible counterpart to its original Central Park location; in either case, the site of the event was as exciting as the event itself. Certainly that was the feeling one blazing summer Sunday when the classical loggia of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, southeast London, found itself hosting both the Hanoi Water Puppets and a pageant of Vietnamese history, Sang Song Water Crossing. Oddly, neither popular attraction drew much of the Vietnamese community from around Greenwich the largest in Britain beyond the entrepreneurs who set up stalls to sell prawn toast, noodles and other indigenous dishes. The low Vietnamese turnout apparently reflected the divided country itself, as local refugees are thought to scorn official state representatives (which the Hanoi Water Puppets of course were seen to be). Still, anyone expecting an afternoon of veiled propaganda was in for a surprise. Boasting 10 puppeteers and 5 singer-musicians, the event provided an enchanting introduction to a technique that even in Vietnam is infinitely mysterious. (Company members must sign a contract agreeing not to give away the tricks of the trade.) Whether spitting water and fire or embarking upon a lovely phoenix dance, the puppets captivated a sellout crowd of 400, many of them children and all of them no doubt ready to jump into the pool once the show had ended. As for Sang Song, this re-enactment of Vietnams mythical beasts the dragon, unicorn, phoenix and golden turtletraced a journey from the Mekong to the Thames involving 200 children from 9 Greenwich schools. If the pageantry wore thin, the delight of the participants never didmany of them looked as though they were ready to embark upon a life in the theatre at the ripe old age of seven. .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .postImageUrl , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:hover , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:visited , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:active { border:0!important; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:active , .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847 .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb404c0278301cffeb0007008603b847:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ways to stage old chestnut Hamlet by Aaron Beall EssayIn addition to the Vietnamese duo, Asia provided two other intriguing LIFT entries. The Chengdu Theatre of Sichuan had a small-scale (and little-seen) triumph in Ripples over Stagnant Water, which made history of sorts by being the first contemporary Chinese play ever to be seen in Britain; adapted by the director Zha Lifang from a novel by Sichuans most famous modern writer, Li Jieren, the play lived up to its billing as a Sichuan Madame Bovary, even if its depiction of erotic and geographical yearning seemed to honor Chekhov over Flaubert. And while LIFT 93 offered no staging of a classic to rival Hungarys landmark Katona Jozsef Three Sisters from 1989, Indian director Neelam Mansingh Chowdry shifted Lorcas fiery Yerma to her own country, mounting a production of earthy, often brutal lucidity spoken in Punjabi and yet accessible to everyone. In Chowdrys telling, Lorcas tragedy of misplaced love was an occasion for various images Peter Brook would no doubt appreciatea blood-stained sheet lifted at the climax to take the place of the expected physical encounter; Yerma covered in dry leaves standing under a burning rope; a chorus of ecstatic release linking the passions in Lorca, surprisingly but not ineptly, to those of Brian Friels Dancing at Lughnasa. Elsewhere, text itself mattered less than at this years LIFT than theatre pieces working by image and association. One eventGordon Stefanovskis timid and ponderous Sarajevo needed all the associations it could muster to measure up to the horrific daily newspaper chronicles of a soon-to-be-lost city under constant siege; if ever a play tied to current events was shown up by those very events, the hapless Sarajevo was it, and in context one could only feel sorry for the hardworking cast. In a class of its own and class is the operative word given the shows venue, a Regents College lecture hallwas How to Shop, the new performance piece from North London housewife and mother of two (her description) Bobby Baker. Indeed, Ms. Baker was big on self-definition, starting her show by making it completely plain that I am a woman. That she is, as well as an engaging mix of Penelope Keith and Rose English: at once cozily suburban and surreal. Her show is nominally a guide to supermarket shopping, complete with slides of the Croyden Co-op in South London; but food for Baker is merely a means to the end of achieving spiritual grace, and its no accident that the show ends with her hoisted aloft in a state of angelic exultation. (We are looking for more that just our groceries, she tells us helpfully. We are shopping for life in the deepest sense.) When How to Shop disappointed, which it sometimes did, the fault lay less in the made-on-the-spot garlic croutons (mine were soggy) than in a refusal to take the conceit even further. The shopping cart routines were fun but not fleshed out, and theres only so much mileage to be got out of meaningful stares at tinned anchovies. Whats needed is more of the abandon of Bakers best moments, whether via footage of her swimming bare-breasted in a pool of red wine or searching through the bread section for love. In the end, all links between parsley and humility aside, Baker constitutes her own best invention. No wonder it was among the more disconcerting moments in all of LIFT to enter a north London restaurant a mere hour or so after her lesson on food to find none other than Baker and her entourage having an animated dinner in one corner the angel, amazingly, was human after all.

Expecting the Unexpected free essay sample

Expecting the Unexpected Looking into a person’s personality there are surprises around every corner. I have learned to expect the unexpected when working on this assignment. I asked five friends to take the personality test, along with taking it myself, and the results did not turn out the way that I had expected. My friends, who I thought had an okay view on the world, really don’t think that it treats them fairly and the people who I thought were more aggressive than the rest scored lower than those who I thought to be less aggressive people. I also found myself a little surprised with how my scores turned out. Just when you think you have yourself figured out you learn something new. Though no matter what a piece of paper with a bunch of numbers on it tells you, how someone really acts cannot be deflected on a piece of paper. When setting up the game, it took a little bit of time to figure out how exactly to execute the game in a way that it would cover the vast verities of personalities that are spread among my group of friends. Sure, we have all played games together before, but not for the purpose of analyzing the way that my friends’ personalities fit into the way that they strategically play a game.So, I decided to take a normal card game, and add a twist to it. Phase 10 is a simple card game where the players go around in a circle and pick up and discard cards and the hope to complete the phase that is required before another player goes out. It is usually a game played with several individuals competing together, but instead, I broke my friends up into groups. Since there were 5 friends, one player had to play alone, leaving them at a disadvantage from the beginning. So I chose the friend who scored the highest in the assertive category, to test their true assertiveness.Each group received the same amount of cards as each other and played the game as usual. Though, the team who came in last had to choose another player to eliminate. If the single player was eliminated, the team who won would have to divide and play individually. Now, within the game there are skip cards, which allows a player to skip the next team, but what I allowed was the person who held the skip card could strategically skip which team they would like. This allows them to have some control of who has the ability to go out of cards first. I knew what I was going into this expecting, the assertive person would do what they needed to win, and the people who saw the world as unfair would surly rant and rave as they lose the game, the equalitarian would feel guilty causing another player to lose, and the person with the high introspective score would over analyze the game a little too much. I myself did not participate in the game. I did not want to skew the results, and boy am I glad that I did not play. The game started out as I had expected, but quickly the tables had turned.I might as well have thrown the personality test out the window, because when it came down to it, everyone was assertive. There was this competitive nature that came out in everyone and people where in the game to win it. I know that people do not like to lose, but it really surprised me how into the game people really had gotten. Usually when we play games together people are slightly competitive, but maybe it was because I was an outsider observing I had the chance to really see how things were.My friends who scored the lowest on the assertiveness section defiantly outshined the assertiveness of the friend who scored the highest. There wasn’t one person who thought of the game as treating them unfairly, or the world around them for that matter during the time the game was played. There were also people who I figured would over analyze the game and really think about everything that was going on and try to figure out others strategies, but that was not the case either.Everyone was so focused on winning that they paid more attention to what they needed to do, rather than focusing on what everyone else was doing. So, I knew that the personality test may have said one thing on paper, but it didn’t depict how my friends acted in this environment. What I did learn from the personality test is we rea lly do view ourselves a bit differently than other people do. It may not be that either is wrong, it is just that we have different views on how we perceive someone and ourselves.I am sure that if someone where observing me playing the game they would say that I did not act like I scored myself on the personality test. It is something that I would like to try one day. I think that it would be interesting to figure out how people view me as compared to how I view myself. I went into this not expecting that I would see my friends differently than they see themselves. Though, we all have different views on other things in the world, so I don’t know why I would think that we would not see each other differently than we see ourselves.Since the game already has pretty set rules, there wasn’t too much to the planning, other then tweaking a few of the strategies, like the groups and the ability to freely use the skip card. Though during that short period of time, everyone worked together as a team and agreed on the game rules. Everyone was laughing and having fun and looking forward to playing the game together. I could even tell before the game started that people were a little edgy and I could feel the competitive nature coming out.The only thing that changed once the game started, was as I mentioned before, the assertive traits in my friends really started to come out. It was actually a bit fun to watch. It was like watching people break out of their shells and expand their personalities. During this exercise I actually learned a few things about myself. I learned that I really don’t relate to people of certain personalities, but to people of very different personalities, well at least different personalities in accordance to how they view themselves. I was very pleased with the way that everyone played the game.It actually made it more interesting that people were so ready to go against each other and â€Å"fight† it out to be the winner. But I guess no one really likes to lose. As fair as I find myself and as not assertive as I think of myself, I know that I would have been right along with them playing in the exact manner that my friends were playing. I also learned different things about each of my friends. Like I have said, people didn’t really act the way that they scored themselves, and to be honest, on a piece of paper, I probably would have scored them the same way. But, when you get people together with their different personalities, and ask them to compete against each other, it is no surprise that peoples personalities change a bit. Yes, there is one friend that is extremely assertive and another friend who is the complete opposite, yet they played the game in the same manner. My â€Å"quiet† friend was no longer quiet. Yes, it is a bit surprising, and under normal circumstances I wouldn’t have expected it and still probably would not expect it. I guess this is what happens when you put someone into a situation that they are not used to being in.Which is understandable, most people playing a competitive game play to win. To make the game more cooperative I could have changed the rules and the scope of the game a little bit more. I would have had to determine a way to make it so that not just one person would win the game and another would lose the game. Technically, there is only one winner in the end and everyone else looses, but I could have made it to where the people who lost the game could have had a chance to redeem themselves and come back into the game.I could have incorporated new cards that we designed that would allow for free plays and a way you can skip a phase and move ahead if you hold certain cards, or where you digress if you hold another set of cards. It would have made the game more strategic and would have required more concentration. I am sure with more thought we as a team could have came up with a way to make the game last forever and never declare a winner or a looser. It would not be an easy task, but I am sure that with a lot work and thought it could be accomplished.When relating this game back to a business manner, it really depicts how gaining cooperation from people within a bu siness setting can be accomplished with a few key factors. You have to set up an environment that suits many different personalities, and that environment also has to be flexible to those personalities. You have to know that just because you may think that a person may act one way, it does not mean that if you need individuals in a business to work together, that they are going to act the same. Peoples’ personalities change depending on the situations that they are involved in.In a business, you need to have the input from different people to make things work. One person’s idea, may be enhanced by another person. There may also be another person who comes along with a better idea than the first two, but if you want cooperation from everyone, you have to compromise and meld the ideas, and not just go with one. Choosing just one side can cause conflict, but when you bring the ideas together, more people are willing to participate. Gaining cooperation from and uncooperative co-worker would be challenging, but I know that I would be able to manage the situation.The first thing that I would do is figure out why my co-worker was acting in such a manner. There must be an underlying issue that is causing them to be uncooperative. Once I know what the problem is, I would work on finding a solution. For example, if my co-worker refused to put in extra hours to complete a project while other were working above and beyond their hours, I would first talk to my co-worker and find out why. I would not approach them by telling them that the way they are acting is wrong, because I do not know the reasoning.So, let’s say that their reasoning is that they worked extra hours on the last project, where the majority of the others didn’t. So they do not think that it is fair that they are once again working late. From there I would find a way to compromise with them. I would find a way to make it to where they pitch in and help out but at the same time they don’t feel like they are being overworked once again. It is not to say this plan would be 100% effective, but it would be the approach that I would try.You never know how a person’s personality will change based on the situation and environment they are surrounded by. What someone thinks of themselves really may not be how others depict them. There is no wrong or right way to think about yourself and you have to know that just because you think one things of yourself, others may not think the same thing. A simple personality test may be a start, but really getting into a game can change a person. Bring on the competition and you never know what you are going to get.